The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2020 Sep;46(9):1287-1302. doi: 10.1177/0146167219895349. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
In a single comprehensive model, using a large nationally representative sample, we investigate longitudinal relationships between mental distress and "Big Six" personality using an analysis approach sensitive to dynamic effects (i.e., to effects of deviations from individual trajectories). We find that, consistent with a mechanism involving scarring by distress, upward deviations (flare-ups) in distress predict flare-ups in Neuroticism 12 months later. Among younger adults ( = 4,775), distress flare-ups predict dips in Conscientiousness. Consistent with a dynamic precursor model, (a) flare-ups in Neuroticism and Extraversion predict subsequent flare-ups in distress among older adults ( = 11,167), and (b) slopes of distress correlate with slopes of a number of traits (e.g., positively for Neuroticism, and, among older adults, negatively for Extraversion). While demonstrating these scarring and dynamic precursor effects, we draw attention to a nuanced direction of dynamic effect for Extraversion, a newly discovered dynamic effect of Conscientiousness, and previously undocumented dynamic effects of traits on each other.
在一个综合模型中，我们使用一个大型的全国代表性样本，通过一种对动态效应敏感的分析方法（即对偏离个体轨迹的效应敏感的分析方法），研究心理困扰与“六大”人格之间的纵向关系。我们发现，与涉及困扰导致创伤的机制一致，困扰的向上偏离（爆发）预示着 12 个月后神经质的爆发。在年轻成年人中（n=4775），困扰的爆发预示着责任心的下降。与动态前导模型一致，（a）神经质和外向性的爆发预示着老年成年人（n=11167）中困扰的随后爆发，以及（b）困扰的斜率与许多特征的斜率相关（例如，神经质呈正相关，而在老年人中，外向性呈负相关）。在证明这些创伤和动态前导效应的同时，我们注意到外向性的动态效应、责任心的新发现的动态效应以及特征之间以前未记录的动态效应的细微方向。
