Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK.
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 15;279:578-584. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.053. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
In the current study we sought to extend our understanding of vulnerability and protective factors (the Big Five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress) in predicting generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 502), who were United States residents, completed a variety of sociodemographic questions and the following questionnaires: Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), Whitley Index 7 (WI-7), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C19-ASS), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms and that neuroticism, health anxiety and both measures of COVID-19 psychological distress were positively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. We used path analysis to determine the pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model we proposed. Results showed that health anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome partially mediated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. Specifically, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with the three mediators, which, in turn, were positively associated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms, with COVID-19 anxiety showing the strongest effect. Conversely, neuroticism and openness were positively associated with COVID-19 anxiety and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, respectively. These relationships were independent of age, gender, employment status and risk status. The model accounted for a substantial variance of generalised anxiety and depression symptoms (R = .75). The implications of these findings are discussed.
在当前的研究中，我们试图扩展对易感性和保护因素（大五人格特质、健康焦虑和 COVID-19 心理困扰）的理解，以预测 COVID-19 大流行期间的广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状。参与者（n=502）为美国居民，完成了各种社会人口学问题和以下问卷：大五人格量表-10（BFI-10）、惠特利指数 7（WI-7）、冠状病毒焦虑量表（CAS）、COVID-19 焦虑量表（C19-ASS）和患者健康问卷焦虑和抑郁量表（PHQ-ADS）。结果表明，外向性、宜人性、尽责性和开放性与广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状呈负相关，而神经质、健康焦虑和 COVID-19 心理困扰的两个测量指标与广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状呈正相关。我们使用路径分析来确定我们提出的理论模型所指定的关系模式。结果表明，健康焦虑、COVID-19 焦虑和 COVID-19 焦虑综合征部分中介了大五人格特质与广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关系。具体来说，外向性、宜人性和尽责性与三个中介因素呈负相关，而这三个中介因素又与广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状呈正相关，其中 COVID-19 焦虑的影响最大。相反，神经质和开放性分别与 COVID-19 焦虑和 COVID-19 焦虑综合征呈正相关。这些关系独立于年龄、性别、就业状况和风险状况。该模型解释了广泛性焦虑和抑郁症状的大量变异（R=0.75）。讨论了这些发现的意义。
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