Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Psychol. 2012 Dec;53(6):512-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00969.x. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
This study investigates the associations of longitudinal Big Five personality profiles with long-term health in 304 adults (53% males). Personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness) were assessed at ages 33, 42, and 50. Subjective (self-rated health, symptoms, psychological distress) and objective (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides) indicators of health were measured at ages 42 and 50. Five longitudinally stable personality profiles were extracted over 17 years by latent profile analysis. The levels of traits were the same in each profile at each age. Resilient individuals (N = 65; Neuroticism low, other traits high) had the best subjective health and Overcontrolled individuals (N = 40; Neuroticism high, other traits low) the poorest health over eight years. Reserved individuals (N = 25; high Conscientiousness, other traits low), Undercontrolled (N = 41; high Openness and Extraversion, low Conscientiousness), and Ordinary (N = 133; all traits scored medium) individuals were in the middle of these extremes in subjective health. No differences between the profiles were found in the objective indicators of health. Thus, overcontrol and resilience were most discriminative in terms of good health. Moreover, personality profiles revealed associations with health to be more nuanced than simply being composed of single traits. High Extraversion needed to be combined with high Conscientiousness (Resilients) in order to be associated with the best health; high Extraversion with low Conscientiousness (Undercontrolled) was associated with average health; and low Extraversion with high Neuroticism (Overcontrolled) was associated with the poorest health.
本研究调查了 304 名成年人（53%为男性）的大五人格纵向特征与长期健康之间的关联。人格特质（神经质、外向性、开放性、尽责性、宜人性）在 33 岁、42 岁和 50 岁时进行评估。健康的主观（自我报告的健康状况、症状、心理困扰）和客观（体重指数、腰臀比、血压、胆固醇、甘油三酯）指标在 42 岁和 50 岁时进行测量。通过潜在剖面分析，在 17 年内提取了 5 种纵向稳定的人格特征。在每个年龄，每个特征在每个特征中都具有相同的水平。具有弹性的个体（N=65；神经质低，其他特质高）在八年中主观健康状况最好，而过度控制的个体（N=40；神经质高，其他特质低）健康状况最差。保留的个体（N=25；高尽责性，其他特质低）、缺乏控制的个体（N=41；高开放性和外向性，低尽责性）和普通的个体（N=133；所有特质得分中等）在主观健康方面处于这些极端之间的中间位置。在健康的客观指标方面，各特征之间没有差异。因此，在良好健康方面，过度控制和弹性是最具区别性的。此外，人格特征与健康的关联比仅仅由单一特征组成更为细致。高外向性需要与高尽责性（弹性者）相结合，才能与最佳健康相关；高外向性与低尽责性（缺乏控制者）相关与平均健康相关；而低外向性与高神经质（过度控制者）相关与最差健康相关。
