一项去咖啡因能量饮料的随机、安慰剂对照交叉试验显示，其对精神能量没有显著的急性影响。
A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a decaffeinated energy drink shows no significant acute effect on mental energy.
机构信息
Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
出版信息
Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar 1;111(3):719-727. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz343.
BACKGROUND
"Energy drinks" are heavily marketed to the general public, across the age spectrum. The efficacy of decaffeinated energy drinks in enhancing subjective feelings of energy (s-energy) is controversial.
OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to test the efficacy of the caffeine-free version of a popular energy drink compared with a placebo drink.
METHODS
This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 223 healthy men and women aged 18-70 y with intention-to-treat and completers analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to consumption of either the decaffeinated energy drink or a placebo drink on testing day 1, and the other drink a week later. A battery of computer-based mood and cognitive tests to assess s-energy was conducted at baseline and at 0.5, 2.5, and 5 h post-ingestion. The main outcome measures were 1) mood, which was assessed by using a General Status Check Scale and the Profile of Mood States 2nd edition brief form, and 2) cognitive measures, including the N-back task (reaction time and accuracy), Reaction Time test, Flanker task (distraction avoidance), and Rapid Visual Information Processing test.
RESULTS
No statistically significant or meaningful benefits were observed for any outcome measure, including mood and cognitive measures. Analyses of mean differences, slopes, and median differences were consistent.
CONCLUSIONS
No differences were detected across a range of mood/cognitive/behavioral/s-energy-level tests after consumption of the energy drink compared with a placebo drink in this diverse sample of adults. Thus, we found strong evidence that the energy drink is not efficacious in enhancing s-energy levels, nor any related cognitive or behavioral variables measured. In light of federal regulations, these findings suggest that labeling and marketing of some products which claim to provide these benefits may be unsubstantiated. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02727920.
背景
能量饮料在各个年龄段的大众中都有大量的广告宣传。无咖啡因能量饮料在提高主观能量感（s-energy）方面的功效存在争议。
目的
作者旨在测试一种流行能量饮料的无咖啡因版本与安慰剂饮料的功效。
方法
这是一项在 223 名年龄在 18-70 岁的健康男性和女性中进行的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验，采用意向治疗和完成者分析。参与者在测试日 1 时随机分配饮用无咖啡因能量饮料或安慰剂饮料，一周后饮用另一种饮料。使用基于计算机的情绪和认知测试电池，在基线和摄入后 0.5、2.5 和 5 小时评估 s-energy。主要结局指标为：1）情绪，使用一般状态检查量表和心境状态问卷 2 版短式评估；2）认知测量，包括 N-back 任务（反应时间和准确性）、反应时间测试、Flanker 任务（回避分心）和快速视觉信息处理测试。
结果
对于任何结局指标，包括情绪和认知测量，均未观察到有统计学意义或有意义的益处。平均差异、斜率和中位数差异的分析结果一致。
结论
在这个多样化的成年人样本中，与安慰剂饮料相比，饮用能量饮料后，在一系列情绪/认知/行为/s-energy 水平测试中未检测到差异。因此，我们有强有力的证据表明，该能量饮料不能有效提高 s-energy 水平，也不能提高任何相关的认知或行为变量。鉴于联邦法规，这些发现表明，一些声称提供这些益处的产品的标签和营销可能是没有根据的。该试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02727920。
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