Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
Nutrients. 2018 Sep 30;10(10):1386. doi: 10.3390/nu10101386.
Cognitive and mood benefits of coffee are often attributed to caffeine. However, emerging evidence indicates behavioural effects of non-caffeine components within coffee, suggesting the potential for direct or synergistic effects of these compounds when consumed with caffeine in regular brewed coffee. The current randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced-crossover study compared the effects of regular coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and placebo on measures of cognition and mood. Age and sex effects were explored by comparing responses of older (61⁻80 years, = 30) and young (20⁻34 years, = 29) males and females. Computerised measures of episodic memory, working memory, attention, and subjective state were completed at baseline and 30 min post-drink. Regular coffee produced the expected effects of decreased reaction time and increased alertness when compared to placebo. When compared to decaffeinated coffee, increased digit vigilance accuracy and decreased tiredness and headache ratings were observed. Decaffeinated coffee also increased alertness when compared to placebo. Higher jittery ratings following regular coffee in young females and older males represented the only interaction of sex and age with treatment. These findings suggest behavioural activity of coffee beyond its caffeine content, raising issues with the use of decaffeinated coffee as a placebo and highlighting the need for further research into its psychoactive effects.
咖啡对认知和情绪的益处通常归因于咖啡因。然而，新出现的证据表明咖啡中非咖啡因成分的行为效应，表明这些化合物在与常规冲泡咖啡中的咖啡因一起摄入时可能具有直接或协同作用。本随机、安慰剂对照、双盲、交叉平衡对照研究比较了常规咖啡、脱咖啡因咖啡和安慰剂对认知和情绪测量的影响。通过比较年龄在 61-80 岁的老年（ = 30）和年龄在 20-34 岁的年轻（ = 29）男性和女性的反应，探讨了年龄和性别效应。在基线和 30 分钟后饮用时，完成了对情景记忆、工作记忆、注意力和主观状态的计算机化测量。与安慰剂相比，常规咖啡产生了预期的降低反应时间和提高警觉性的作用。与脱咖啡因咖啡相比，观察到数字警戒准确性提高，疲劳和头痛评分降低。与安慰剂相比，脱咖啡因咖啡也提高了警觉性。在年轻女性和老年男性中，饮用常规咖啡后出现更高的紧张感评分，这是性别和年龄与治疗的唯一相互作用。这些发现表明咖啡除了咖啡因含量之外还有行为活性，这引发了使用脱咖啡因咖啡作为安慰剂的问题，并强调了进一步研究其精神活性作用的必要性。
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