Institute of Social Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Psych J. 2020 Aug;9(4):553-561. doi: 10.1002/pchj.340. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Many property issues in real life occur in the transfer contexts. Previous studies have investigated the role of creation and value change in people's use of the labor rule when solving property issues involving conflicting cues between labor and first possession, but have neglected the possible effect of transfer types. This study explored how items get transferred from the original owner to the next affected adults' use of the labor rule when assigning ownership. Eighty-two participants (M = 22.10 years) read some scenarios in which a person modified some redwoods into a set of furniture after he (a) was requested to store the redwoods for another person, (b) borrowed the redwoods from another person, or (c) found the redwoods lost by another person. Participants were then asked to decide whether the original possessor or the modifier of the transferred objects was the owner, and to explain their answers. The results showed that most subjects were inclined to select the laborer as owner in the losing context, and support the original possessor as owner in the storing context. Participants were more likely to justify their answers with the first possession heuristic in the storing context, but more likely to justify their answers with transfer types in the borrowing context and justify their answers with knowledge and intention in the losing context. The study shows that transfer types affect use of the labor rule in adults' ownership judgments, and may shed light on legislation and court decisions in real life.
许多现实生活中的财产问题都发生在转让情境中。先前的研究已经调查了在解决涉及劳动和第一占有之间冲突线索的财产问题时，人们在使用劳动规则方面创造和价值变化的作用，但忽略了转让类型的可能影响。本研究探讨了当物品从原所有人转移到下一个受影响的成年人时，他们在分配所有权时如何使用劳动规则。82 名参与者（M=22.10 岁）阅读了一些情景，其中一个人将一些红杉树改造成一套家具，这些情景是：（a）应他人要求为他人储存红杉树，（b）从他人处借用红杉树，或（c）发现他人丢失的红杉树。然后，参与者被要求决定转让物品的原所有人还是修改者是所有者，并解释他们的答案。结果表明，大多数受试者倾向于在丢失的情境中选择劳动者作为所有者，而在储存的情境中则支持原所有人作为所有者。在储存情境中，参与者更有可能用第一占有启发式来证明他们的答案，而在借用情境中更有可能用转让类型来证明他们的答案，在丢失情境中则更有可能用知识和意图来证明他们的答案。研究表明，转让类型影响成年人所有权判断中劳动规则的使用，这可能为现实生活中的立法和法院判决提供启示。
