Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Psychol Sci. 2010 Sep;21(9):1236-41. doi: 10.1177/0956797610380701. Epub 2010 Aug 16.
Recognizing property ownership is of critical importance in social interactions, but little is known about how and when this attribute emerges. We investigated whether preschool children and adults believe that ownership of one person's property is transferred to a second person following the second person's investment of creative labor in that property. In our study, an experimenter and a participant borrowed modeling-clay objects from each other to mold into new objects. Participants were more likely to transfer ownership to the second individual after he or she invested creative labor in the object than after any other manipulations (holding the object, making small changes to it). This effect was significantly stronger in preschool children than in adults. Duration of manipulation had no effect on property-ownership transfer. Changes in the object's identity acted only as a secondary cue for children. We conclude that ownership is transferred after an investment of creative labor and that determining property ownership may be an intuitive process that emerges in early childhood.
识别财产所有权在社会互动中至关重要，但人们对其是如何以及何时出现的知之甚少。我们研究了学前儿童和成年人是否认为，在第二个人对该财产进行创造性劳动投资后，该财产所有人的所有权会转移给第二个人。在我们的研究中，实验者和参与者互相借用造型粘土物品来将其塑造成新的物品。与其他任何操作（持有物品、对其进行小的更改）相比，在第二个人对物品进行创造性劳动投资后，参与者更有可能将所有权转移给第二个人。与成年人相比，这种影响在学前儿童中更为明显。操作的持续时间对财产所有权的转移没有影响。物品身份的变化仅作为儿童的次要线索。我们的结论是，在进行创造性劳动投资后，所有权会发生转移，并且确定财产所有权可能是一个在幼儿期出现的直观过程。
