Primate Blood Groups Reference Laboratory and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Haematology of Primate Animals and Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates (LEMSIP) of the New York University School of Medicine.
Am J Primatol. 1981;1(1):3-13. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350010103.
Severe restrictions on the importation of chimpanzees emphasize the importance and urgency of domestic breeding as a sole means to assure an uninterrupted supply of animals for medical research. An insight into the genetic structure of the self-sustained captive population of animals is indispensable to prevent the effects of inbreeding and to preserve the animals' reproductive capacity. This can be achieved by study of sets of genetic markers in the form of heritable molecular or antigenic variations detectable by relatively simple methods. Among chimpanzee blood components so far identified as possible genetic markers, red cell antigens appear to be the most useful and most readily available. The amount of information concerning blood groups of chimpanzees, their serology and genetics, number of polymorphic types, etc, surpasses data on other heritable traits in this species. A concise review of the present status of knowledge of chimpanzee blood groups and, particularly, of serology and genetics of two complex blood group systems, V-A-B-D and R-C-E-F, is given together with a few examples of their application in cases of disputed parentage. Finally, a list of practical steps is suggested dealing with introduction and use of genetic markers as elements of the national chimpanzee breeding program.
严重限制进口黑猩猩，强调了国内繁殖的重要性和紧迫性，这是确保为医学研究不间断地提供动物的唯一手段。深入了解自给自足的圈养动物种群的遗传结构对于防止近交的影响和保持动物的繁殖能力是必不可少的。这可以通过研究遗传标记的集合来实现，这些遗传标记是以可通过相对简单的方法检测到的遗传或抗原变异的形式存在的。在迄今为止确定的黑猩猩血液成分中，红细胞抗原似乎是最有用和最容易获得的。有关黑猩猩血型的信息、它们的血清学和遗传学、多态类型的数量等方面的信息量超过了该物种中其他遗传特征的数据。本文简要回顾了黑猩猩血型的现有知识状况，特别是两个复杂血型系统 V-A-B-D 和 R-C-E-F 的血清学和遗传学，并结合一些有争议的亲子关系案例的应用实例进行了介绍。最后，提出了一些实际步骤的建议，涉及遗传标记的引入和使用，作为国家黑猩猩繁殖计划的要素。
