Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Apr;77(4):276-280. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106267. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that is commonly used commercially, agriculturally and residentially worldwide. There is concern about its potential for carcinogenicity based on studies in laboratory animals demonstrating the potential for induction of oxidative stress. We conducted a longitudinal biomarker study of 31 pesticide applicators in Kansas who heavily applied 2,4-D and 34 non-applicator controls.
We used multivariable generalised linear mixed-effect models to evaluate the association between urinary 2,4-D and natural log-transformed 8-iso prostaglandin F (8-isoprostane) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), adjusting for urinary creatinine, age, tobacco use and concomitant use of the herbicide picloram.
Compared with non-applicator controls, urinary 2,4-D in the third quartile of exposure was associated with elevated 8-isoprostane (=1.38, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.84). There was no association among the highest exposed and no exposure-response trend. 2,4-D exposure was not associated with 8-OHdG. Results were unchanged when restricted to participants who only applied 2,4-D (no picloram use).
We did not find evidence that increasing 2,4-D exposure was associated with 8-isoprostane or 8-OHdG. Future work should carefully evaluate potential confounders of this association, such as diet and physical activity, as well as additional biological markers of oxidative stress and damage.
2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）是一种在全世界范围内广泛应用于商业、农业和居民用途的除草剂。基于实验室动物研究表明其具有诱导氧化应激的潜力，人们对其致癌性表示担忧。我们对堪萨斯州的 31 名大量施用 2,4-D 的农药施用者和 34 名非施用者对照者进行了一项纵向生物标志物研究。
我们使用多变量广义线性混合效应模型来评估尿液中的 2,4-D 与自然对数转换的 8-异前列腺素 F（8-iso 前列腺素）和 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）之间的关联，同时调整尿液肌酐、年龄、吸烟状况和同时使用除草剂草甘膦。
与非施用者对照相比，暴露于第三四分位数的尿液 2,4-D 与升高的 8-iso 前列腺素（=1.38，95%CI 1.03 至 1.84）相关。在最高暴露组和无暴露反应趋势中没有相关性。2,4-D 暴露与 8-OHdG 无关。当仅限于仅施用 2,4-D（不使用草甘膦）的参与者时，结果没有变化。
我们没有发现证据表明增加 2,4-D 暴露与 8-iso 前列腺素或 8-OHdG 相关。未来的工作应仔细评估这种关联的潜在混杂因素，例如饮食和体育活动，以及氧化应激和损伤的其他生物标志物。
