Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Cancer Educ. 2021 Aug;36(4):719-727. doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01694-5.
Risk assessment tools may help individuals gauge cancer risk and motivate lifestyle and screening behavior changes. Despite the evermore common availability of such tools, little is known about their potential utility in average-risk population approaches to cancer prevention. We evaluated the effects of providing personalized (vs. generic) information concerning colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors on average-risk individuals' risk perceptions and intentions to engage in three risk-reducing behaviors: CRC screening, diet, and physical activity. Further, we explored whether the receipt of CRC-specific risk assessment feedback influenced individuals' breast cancer risk perceptions and mammography intentions. Using an online survey, N = 419 survey respondents aged 50-75 with no personal or family history of CRC were randomized to receive an average estimate of CRC lifetime risk and risk factor information that was either personalized (treatment) or invariant/non-personalized (control). Respondent risk perceptions and behavioral intentions were ascertained before and after risk assessment administration. No differences were observed in risk perceptions or behavioral intentions by study arm. However, regardless of study arm, CRC screening intentions significantly increased after risk assessment feedback was provided. This occurred despite a significant reduction in risk perceptions. Results support the role simple cancer risk assessment information could play in promoting screening behaviors while improving the accuracy of cancer risk perceptions. Providing cancer risk assessment information may decrease individuals' perceptions of cancer risk to more realistic levels while simultaneously facilitating screening intentions among an average-risk population, regardless of whether provided risk information is personalized.
风险评估工具可以帮助个人评估癌症风险，并促使他们改变生活方式和筛查行为。尽管此类工具的可用性越来越高，但对于它们在普通风险人群癌症预防方法中的潜在效用却知之甚少。我们评估了提供有关结直肠癌（CRC）风险因素的个性化（与通用型相比）信息对普通风险个体风险感知和参与三种降低风险行为（CRC 筛查、饮食和体育活动）的意愿的影响。此外，我们还探讨了是否收到特定于 CRC 的风险评估反馈会影响个体对乳腺癌风险的感知和乳房 X 光检查的意愿。使用在线调查，我们随机招募了 419 名年龄在 50-75 岁之间、没有 CRC 个人或家族病史的调查对象，将他们分为接受 CRC 终生风险和风险因素信息的平均估计值的组，这些信息是个性化的（治疗组）或不变/非个性化的（对照组）。在进行风险评估之前和之后，确定了受访者的风险感知和行为意向。研究组之间的风险感知或行为意向没有差异。然而，无论研究组如何，在提供风险评估反馈后，CRC 筛查的意愿都显著增加。尽管风险感知显著降低，但仍出现了这种情况。结果支持简单的癌症风险评估信息在促进筛查行为的同时提高癌症风险感知准确性的作用。提供癌症风险评估信息可能会将个体对癌症风险的感知降低到更现实的水平，同时促进普通风险人群的筛查意愿，无论提供的风险信息是否个性化。
