University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2020;119:111-156. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.008. Epub 2019 Nov 26.
Glycosylation is one of the most important modifications of proteins and lipids, and cell surface glycoconjugates are thought to play important roles in a variety of biological functions including cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, cell immunogenicity and cell signaling. Alterations of glycosylation are observed in a number of inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to modulate cell surface glycosylation by regulating the expression of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycan chains, inducing the expression of specific carbohydrate antigens at the cell surface that can be recognized by different types of lectins or by bacterial adhesins, contributing to the development of diseases. Glycosylation can also regulate biological functions of immune cells by recruiting leukocytes to inflammation sites with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Cell surface proteoglycans provide a large panel of binding sites for many mediators of inflammation, and regulate their bio-availability and functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the glycosylation changes occurring in mucin type O-linked glycans, glycosaminoglycans, as well as in glycosphingolipids, with a particular focus on cystic fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, and their consequences on cell interactions and disease progression.
糖基化是蛋白质和脂质最重要的修饰之一，细胞表面糖缀合物被认为在多种生物学功能中发挥重要作用，包括细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用、细菌黏附、细胞免疫原性和细胞信号转导。在许多炎症性疾病中观察到糖基化的改变。促炎细胞因子已被证明通过调节参与聚糖链生物合成的糖基转移酶和硫酸转移酶的表达来调节细胞表面糖基化，诱导细胞表面特定碳水化合物抗原的表达，这些抗原可被不同类型的凝集素或细菌黏附素识别，有助于疾病的发展。糖基化还可以通过招募具有促炎或抗炎作用的白细胞到炎症部位来调节免疫细胞的生物学功能。细胞表面蛋白聚糖为许多炎症介质提供了大量的结合位点，并调节它们的生物利用度和功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了粘蛋白型 O-连接糖链、糖胺聚糖以及糖脂中发生的糖基化变化的最新知识，特别关注囊性纤维化和神经退行性疾病，以及它们对细胞相互作用和疾病进展的影响。
