Geoffrey Kiriiri, Mwangi A N, Maru S M
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
Saudi Pharm J. 2019 Nov;27(7):1009-1018. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.003. Epub 2019 Aug 16.
The association of sunrays with skin damage have been known since medieval times. The description of the electromagnetic spectrum facilitated the identification of the ultraviolet light spectrum as being responsible for skin damage resulting from prolonged skin exposure. Sunscreens have been used since ancient civilizations with various measures to limit exposure to sun exposure being employed. Awareness of the risks associated with sunrays has been increasing in the last century, and as a result, the science, technologies, and formulation have advanced significantly. The use of sunscreen products continues rising as government health agencies seek to contain increasing cases of UV induced melanomas. Recreational sunbathing and artificial tanning have increased the risk for these diseases significantly. This review article sought to expound the scientific basis of sunscreen use, the classification, formulation, quality control and regulation across the different countries around the world. The literature review was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, BMJ, SCIELO among others.
自中世纪以来，人们就知道阳光与皮肤损伤之间的关联。对电磁光谱的描述有助于确定紫外线光谱是长时间皮肤暴露导致皮肤损伤的原因。自古以来，人们就使用各种防晒措施，也使用过防晒霜。在上个世纪，人们对阳光相关风险的认识不断提高，因此，防晒科学、技术和配方都有了显著进步。随着政府卫生机构试图控制紫外线诱发黑色素瘤病例的不断增加，防晒产品的使用持续上升。休闲日光浴和人工晒黑显著增加了患这些疾病的风险。这篇综述文章试图阐述防晒霜使用的科学依据、分类、配方、质量控制以及世界各国的相关监管情况。在谷歌学术、PubMed、SCOPUS、Cochrane、英国医学杂志、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区健康科学电子图书馆等数据库上进行了文献综述。
