Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in Qinba Mountain, Xi'an 710038, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 6;2020:6576718. doi: 10.1155/2020/6576718. eCollection 2020.
Infrasound is a major threat to global health by causing injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). However, there remains no effective therapeutic agent for preventing infrasound-caused CNS injury. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O--D-glycoside (THSG) exerts protective function against CNS injuries and may have beneficial effects on infrasound-induced CNS impairment.
A mouse model with CNS (oxidative stress-induced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis) injuries was established when the mouse was exposed to the infrasound of 16 Hz at 130 dB for 2 h each day and the duration of treatment was 8 d. The mice were divided into the control (CG, healthy mice), the model (MG, model mice), and the THSG (EG, experimental group, model mice treated with THSG) groups. The learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound were examined using a Morris water maze test. Lipid profiles, antioxidant biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus tissue were measured by using corresponding ELISA kits. Meanwhile, BCL-2/BAX/caspase-3 signaling pathway was measured in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain using real-time qPCR and Western blot. Nissl's stain was used to measure neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex of the mouse brain.
THSG significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairments caused by infrasound. On the other hand, THSG improved lipid profiles, increased antioxidant properties by affecting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and displayed anti-inflammatory action via the downregulation of IL- (interleukin-) 6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF- (tumor necrosis factor-) , and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) in the hippocampal tissues of the mouse model ( < 0.05). Additionally, Nissl's stain showed that THSG inhibited infrasound-induced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampi and prefrontal cortex. Besides, THSG exerted antiapoptosis function by upregulating the level of Bcl-2 and downregulating the levels of BAX and caspase-3 in the hippocampi.
THSG may be an effective anti-infrasound drug against CNS injury by improving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, and antinecrosis capacities. Further research is still needed to confirm the exact molecular mechanism.
次声会对中枢神经系统（CNS）造成损伤，从而对全球健康构成重大威胁。然而，目前尚无有效的治疗药物来预防次声引起的中枢神经系统损伤。2,3,5,4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（THSG）对中枢神经系统损伤具有保护作用，可能对次声引起的中枢神经系统损伤有有益作用。
将小鼠暴露于 16 Hz 次声（130 dB，每天 2 小时）下，建立 CNS（氧化应激诱导的炎症和神经元凋亡）损伤的小鼠模型，治疗持续 8 天。将小鼠分为对照组（CG，健康小鼠）、模型组（MG，模型小鼠）和 THSG 组（EG，模型小鼠用 THSG 治疗）。使用 Morris 水迷宫试验检测次声引起的学习和记忆障碍。用相应的 ELISA 试剂盒测量海马组织中的脂质谱、抗氧化生物标志物和炎性细胞因子。同时，用实时 qPCR 和 Western blot 法测量小鼠大脑海马和前额叶皮层中 BCL-2/BAX/caspase-3 信号通路。用尼氏染色法测量小鼠大脑海马和前额叶皮层的神经元坏死情况。
THSG 显著改善了次声引起的学习和记忆障碍。另一方面，THSG 通过影响超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和丙二醛（MDA）的水平来改善脂质谱，增强抗氧化能力，并通过下调海马组织中的白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-和高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）来发挥抗炎作用（<0.05）。此外，尼氏染色显示，THSG 抑制了小鼠海马和前额叶皮层的次声诱导的神经元坏死。此外，THSG 通过上调 Bcl-2 水平和下调 BAX 和 caspase-3 水平发挥抗凋亡作用。
THSG 可能通过改善抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡和抗坏死能力成为一种有效的抗 CNS 损伤药物。仍需要进一步的研究来确认确切的分子机制。
