Sousa-Sá Eduarda, Zhang Zhiguang, Pereira João R, Wright Ian M, Okely Anthony D, Santos Rute
Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Acta Paediatr. 2020 Oct;109(10):1956-1973. doi: 10.1111/apa.15204. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
As retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non-invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years.
Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta-analyses were performed using the meta-analyst software.
A total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty-three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta-analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (-2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI -4.78, -0.72 µm) than children without obesity.
Results showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters.
由于视网膜微血管系统（RMV）可通过非侵入性方式进行评估，这为检查人体微循环的健康与疾病状况提供了契机，因为RMV改变已被视为心血管风险的最早迹象之一。本综述总结了关于0至18岁儿童及青少年的身体活动（PA）、久坐行为（SB）和/或肥胖与RMV之间关联的当前文献。
检索了六个数据库（MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、PsycINFO和CINAHL），截至2019年12月11日。检索语言为英语、葡萄牙语、法语、西班牙语或荷兰语。使用meta - analyst软件进行荟萃分析。
共筛选了6796项研究，纳入了26项研究，代表来自12个不同国家的24448名参与者。报告体重状况结果的研究有23项，6项研究评估了PA，3项研究评估了SB。4项研究考察了体重状况与PA/SB。对两项研究进行了荟萃分析，结果显示肥胖儿童的视网膜小动脉较细（相差 - 2.38 µm，95% CI 0.62，4.15 µm），视网膜小静脉较粗（相差2.74 µm，95% CI - 4.78， - 0.72 µm），而无肥胖儿童则相反。
结果表明，肥胖与儿童及青少年的微血管改变有关。肥胖增加、缺乏PA以及高水平的SB与血管宽度参数呈负相关。
