Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York.
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb;41(1):115-130. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3401989. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Hyaline molds, widely distributed in nature, are an important and increasing cause of invasive fungal infections in humans, likely due to an expanding population of immunosuppressed hosts, increases in antifungal resistance, and improvements in laboratory diagnostics. Sinopulmonary disease and disseminated infection are common manifestations in neutropenic patients and transplant recipients, whereas, catheter-related and localized soft tissue infections predominate in immunocompetent hosts. These organisms are not reliably differentiated based on their morphology in tissue; rather, efforts should be made to establish a microbiologic diagnosis via culture or molecular-based methods to guide antifungal management and inform prognosis. Herein, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of these opportunistic pathogens known to cause hyalohyphomycoses: spp., , spp., spp., , spp., spp., , , and species.
透明质酸霉菌，广泛分布于自然界，是人类侵袭性真菌感染的一个重要且日益增加的原因，可能由于免疫抑制宿主的人群扩大、抗真菌耐药性的增加以及实验室诊断的改进。中性粒细胞减少症患者和移植受者中常见的是肺和播散性感染，而导管相关和局部软组织感染在免疫功能正常的宿主中更为常见。这些生物体在组织中的形态不能可靠地区分；相反，应该努力通过培养或基于分子的方法建立微生物学诊断，以指导抗真菌治疗并告知预后。在此，我们回顾了这些机会性病原体引起的透明丝孢霉病的流行病学、临床表现、诊断和治疗： spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.， spp.。
