Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research (CIBSR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 May;21(3):515-523. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12992. Epub 2020 Feb 15.
When considered as a group, children with type 1 diabetes have subtle cognitive deficits relative to neurotypical controls. However, the neural correlates of these differences remain poorly understood. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated the brain functional activations of young adolescents (19 individuals with type 1 diabetes, 18 healthy controls, ages 8-16 years) during a Go/No-Go response inhibition task. Both cohorts had the same performance on the task, but the individuals with type 1 diabetes subjects had higher activations in a frontal-parietal network including the bilateral supramarginal gyri and bilateral rostrolateral prefrontal cortices. The activations in these regions were positively correlated with fewer parent-reported conduct problems (ie, lower Conduct Problem scores) on the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Lower Conduct Problem scores are characteristic of less rule-breaking behavior suggesting a link between this brain network and better self-control. These findings are consistent with a large functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of children with type 1 diabetes using completely different participants. Perhaps surprisingly, the between-group activation results from fNIRS were statistically stronger than the results using fMRI. This pilot study is the first fNIRS investigation of executive function for individuals with type 1 diabetes. The results suggest that fNIRS is a promising functional neuroimaging resource for detecting the brain correlates of behavior in the pediatric clinic.
当作为一个整体考虑时，与神经典型对照组相比，1 型糖尿病儿童存在细微的认知缺陷。然而，这些差异的神经相关性仍知之甚少。本研究使用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）技术，研究了青少年（19 名 1 型糖尿病患者，18 名健康对照者，年龄 8-16 岁）在 Go/No-Go 反应抑制任务期间的大脑功能激活情况。两个队列在任务中的表现相同，但 1 型糖尿病患者在包括双侧缘上回和双侧额外侧前额皮质的额顶网络中表现出更高的激活。这些区域的激活与行为评估系统第二版中较少的父母报告的行为问题（即较低的行为问题评分）呈正相关。较低的行为问题评分是违反规则行为较少的特征，表明该脑网络与更好的自我控制之间存在联系。这些发现与使用完全不同参与者的 1 型糖尿病儿童的大规模功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究一致。也许令人惊讶的是，fNIRS 的组间激活结果在统计学上强于使用 fMRI 的结果。这项初步研究是首次使用 fNIRS 对 1 型糖尿病患者执行功能进行的研究。结果表明，fNIRS 是一种很有前途的功能神经影像学资源，可以在儿科诊所中检测到行为的大脑相关性。
