Kaske M, Scheidegger R, Bähler C, Markov J, Sidler X
Schweizer Kälbergesundheitsdienst.
Departement für Nutztiere, Abteilung Schweinemedizin, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2020 Feb;162(2):83-92. doi: 10.17236/sat00244.
The increasing professionalization and the cost pressure on farms combined with a decreasing availability of veterinary expertise procures the demand for treatments and interventions performed by non-veterinarians. A current survey resulting in 56 responses of food animal practitioners showed that a majority delivered pour-on anthelmintics, drugs for oral application and ointments after respective instruction to farmers. Udder injectors, antimicrobials and vaccines were handled more restrictively, but even hormones were committed by more than half of the veterinarians to livestock owners. In respect to interventions, most practitioners supported that farmers perform functional foot trimming, administration of boli, inseminations, dehorning and castrations of calves. By contrast, many veterinarians refused that farmers apply intravenous injections, insert a trocar or treat sole ulcers. In respect to the future development, implications of non-veterinarian interventions on animal welfare, consumer protection and drug safety have to be considered. Indispensable are qualification and skills of the person performing interventions which can be acquired by certificated training courses. Moreover, a basic conception and taking responsibility in particular for application of veterinary drugs is mandatory - in this respect, at present marked deficits exist among many farmers. Based on the current legal situation, several interventions can be delegated to non-veterinarians, but the technical responsibility for the proper implementation is due to the veterinarian. This includes an evaluation of interventions and treatments on a regular basis together with the farmer. On this basis, the assessment of clinical symptoms as well as the initial treatment can be useful and appropriate to ensure a rapid therapy especially in animals suffering from factorial diseases. Having in mind profound differences in respect to the competence of non-veterinarians, general procedures to deliver drugs and to delegate interventions have to be rejected. Advanced diagnostic procedures and the prescription of veterinary drugs remain an exclusive mission of the veterinarian.
农场日益专业化以及成本压力，再加上兽医专业知识的可获得性不断下降，导致了对非兽医进行治疗和干预的需求。一项针对食用动物从业者的当前调查收到了56份回复，结果显示，大多数从业者在对农民进行相应指导后，提供了浇泼用驱虫药、口服药物和药膏。乳房注射器、抗菌药物和疫苗的处理更为严格，但超过一半的兽医甚至将激素交给了牲畜饲养者。关于干预措施，大多数从业者支持农民进行功能性蹄修剪、投服丸剂、授精、去角和犊牛阉割。相比之下，许多兽医拒绝让农民进行静脉注射、插入套管针或治疗蹄底溃疡。关于未来发展，必须考虑非兽医干预对动物福利、消费者保护和药物安全的影响。进行干预的人员的资质和技能是必不可少的，这可以通过认证培训课程获得。此外，对兽药的应用要有基本的概念并承担责任——在这方面，目前许多农民存在明显不足。根据当前的法律状况，一些干预措施可以委托给非兽医，但正确实施的技术责任在于兽医。这包括与农民一起定期评估干预措施和治疗方法。在此基础上，对临床症状的评估以及初始治疗可能是有用且合适的，特别是对于患有复杂疾病的动物，可确保快速治疗。考虑到非兽医在能力方面存在巨大差异，必须摒弃发放药物和委托干预措施的一般程序。先进的诊断程序和兽药处方仍然是兽医的专属任务。
