Artika I Made, Wiyatno Ageng, Ma'roef Chairin Nisa
Biosafety Level 3 Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jalan Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Emerging Virus Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jalan Diponegoro 69, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
Infect Genet Evol. 2020 Jul;81:104215. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104215. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
Pathogenic viruses are viruses that can infect and replicate within human cells and cause diseases. The continuous emergence and re-emergence of pathogenic viruses has become a major threat to public health. Whenever pathogenic viruses emerge, their rapid detection is critical to enable implementation of specific control measures and the limitation of virus spread. Further molecular characterization to better understand these viruses is required for the development of diagnostic tests and countermeasures. Advances in molecular biology techniques have revolutionized the procedures for detection and characterization of pathogenic viruses. The development of PCR-based techniques together with DNA sequencing technology, have provided highly sensitive and specific methods to determine virus circulation. Pathogenic viruses potentially having global catastrophic consequences may emerge in regions where capacity for their detection and characterization is limited. Development of a local capacity to rapidly identify new viruses is therefore critical. This article reviews the molecular biology of pathogenic viruses and the basic principles of molecular techniques commonly used for their detection and characterization. The principles of good laboratory practices for handling pathogenic viruses are also discussed. This review aims at providing researchers and laboratory personnel with an overview of the molecular biology of pathogenic viruses and the principles of molecular techniques and good laboratory practices commonly implemented for their detection and characterization.
致病性病毒是能够在人体细胞内感染并复制从而引发疾病的病毒。致病性病毒的不断出现和再次出现已成为对公共卫生的重大威胁。每当致病性病毒出现时，对其进行快速检测对于实施特定控制措施以及限制病毒传播至关重要。为了开发诊断测试和应对措施，需要进一步进行分子特征分析以更好地了解这些病毒。分子生物学技术的进步彻底改变了致病性病毒的检测和特征分析程序。基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的技术与DNA测序技术的发展，提供了高度灵敏且特异的方法来确定病毒的传播情况。在检测和特征分析能力有限的地区，可能会出现具有全球灾难性后果的致病性病毒。因此，发展本地快速识别新病毒的能力至关重要。本文综述了致病性病毒的分子生物学以及常用于其检测和特征分析的分子技术的基本原理。还讨论了处理致病性病毒的良好实验室规范原则。本综述旨在为研究人员和实验室人员提供关于致病性病毒分子生物学的概述，以及常用于其检测和特征分析的分子技术和良好实验室规范的原则。
