Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety-Queensland (CARRS-Q), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, 4059, Australia; Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Mar;137:105412. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105412. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
Mobile phone distracted driving is a major risk factor for crashes. However, this behaviour has been increasing in recent years. Effective enforcement of mobile phone bans while driving faces several obstacles; as such, it is important to consider additional countermeasures. Applications designed to prevent distracted driving are a promising solution, yet more research is needed that examines their effectiveness in reducing dangerous phone use while driving behaviours. Additionally, these applications are voluntary in nature; therefore, an understanding of drivers' perceptions of the applications is necessary to determine how to improve uptake. A mixed methods design was utilised to examine these factors in a comprehensive manner. A total of 40 participants used the smartphone application "Do Not Disturb While Driving" for iOS phone operating systems or "Android Auto" for Android phone operating systems for approximately one week and completed three diary entries reporting on their experience. Two questionnaires that examined phone use while driving behaviours were also administered to participants; one before and one after completing the study. The quantitative results found that engagement in 1) visual-manual, 2) cognitive-auditory and 3) music mobile phone interactions significantly decreased while using the application. Distraction engagement and mental workload while driving also significantly decreased while using the application. The qualitative results identified a number of areas of improvement that need to be addressed, e.g. activation of the application and Bluetooth connection reliability. The features that required improvement presented an obstacle for effective use of the applications, and in some cases resulted in drivers deciding to stop using the application. Positive perceptions of the application were associated with the experiences of the application functioning appropriately and activating automatically. These results show that applications designed for voluntary use to prevent mobile phone distracted driving are a promising countermeasure, although current applications require several improvements.
手机分心驾驶是碰撞的一个主要危险因素。然而，这种行为近年来一直在增加。在驾驶时有效执行手机禁令面临着几个障碍；因此，考虑额外的对策是很重要的。旨在防止分心驾驶的应用程序是一个有前途的解决方案，但需要更多的研究来检查它们在减少危险的手机使用行为方面的有效性。此外，这些应用程序是自愿性质的；因此，需要了解驾驶员对应用程序的看法，以确定如何提高使用率。采用混合方法设计来全面研究这些因素。共有 40 名参与者使用了适用于 iOS 手机操作系统的智能手机应用程序“驾驶时请勿打扰”或适用于 Android 手机操作系统的“Android Auto”，大约使用了一周，并完成了三份日记条目报告他们的使用体验。还向参与者发放了两份调查驾驶时手机使用行为的问卷；一份在完成研究之前，一份在完成研究之后。定量结果发现，在使用应用程序时，1）视觉-手动、2）认知-听觉和 3）音乐手机交互的参与度显著降低。驾驶时的分心参与度和心理工作量也显著降低。定性结果确定了需要解决的一些改进领域，例如应用程序的激活和蓝牙连接的可靠性。需要改进的功能对应用程序的有效使用构成了障碍，在某些情况下，导致驾驶员决定停止使用该应用程序。对应用程序的积极看法与应用程序功能正常和自动激活的体验有关。这些结果表明，设计用于自愿使用以防止手机分心驾驶的应用程序是一种有前途的对策，尽管目前的应用程序需要进行一些改进。
