Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands.
LISER, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Luxembourg.
Environ Res. 2020 Apr;183:109121. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109121. Epub 2020 Jan 7.
Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to residential green space is beneficial for people's mental health along multiple pathways. It remains unknown, however, whether the complex pathways found for the general population also apply to internal migrants in China.
To examine the mediators of green space-mental health associations among migrants in the metropolis of Shenzhen, China.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 591 migrants aged between 18 and 68 years in January-April 2017 in Shenzhen, a city facing a considerable inflow of rural-urban migration. Migrants' mental health was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Data on migrant's green space perception, migration characteristics, environmental disturbances, social cohesion, physical health, etc. were obtained through a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mechanisms underlying the green space-mental health association.
No direct effect of perceived green space on migrants' mental health was found. We did find, however, that perceived green space is significantly and indirectly related to mental health through reducing perceived environmental disturbance and enhancing social cohesion. Migrants' residential mobility presented a significant potential risk to migrants' physical health and might influence their mental health indirectly. A similar but only weakly significant health-threatening effect was found for migration frequency. Male and female respondents showed different patterns regarding their physical and mental health status. Migrants with higher personal incomes seemed to face a lower mental health risk.
Our findings suggest distinctive pathways through which residential green space could affect the mental health of internal migrants in China. Further studies in rapidly urbanizing areas are advised to evaluate green space-mental health relationships for specific population groups/subgroups with distinctive socioeconomic backgrounds.
越来越多的证据表明，居住绿地对人们的心理健康有多种益处。然而，目前尚不清楚这些在普通人群中发现的复杂途径是否也适用于中国的国内移民。
探讨中国深圳市移民人群中绿地与心理健康之间的中介因素。
我们于 2017 年 1 月至 4 月在深圳市进行了一项横断面调查，该城市面临着大量农村到城市的移民流入。采用 12 项一般健康问卷评估移民的心理健康状况。通过问卷获得移民对绿地的感知、移民特征、环境干扰、社会凝聚力、身体健康等数据。采用结构方程模型分析绿地与心理健康之间关联的作用机制。
未发现感知绿地对移民心理健康有直接影响。然而，我们确实发现，感知绿地通过减少感知环境干扰和增强社会凝聚力，与心理健康呈显著的间接关系。移民的居住流动性对移民的身体健康构成了重大潜在风险，并可能间接地影响他们的心理健康。迁移频率也存在类似但仅略有显著的健康威胁效应。男性和女性受访者的身体健康和心理健康状况呈现出不同的模式。个人收入较高的移民似乎面临较低的心理健康风险。
我们的研究结果表明，居住绿地可能通过不同的途径影响中国国内移民的心理健康。建议在快速城市化地区开展进一步研究，以评估特定社会经济背景下具有不同特征的特定人群/亚群的绿地与心理健康之间的关系。
