Institute of Philosophy, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2020 Oct;83:101253. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2020.101253. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
The paper discusses the metaphorical nature and meaning of a concept, inhibition, ubiquitous in physiological, psychological and everyday descriptions of the controlling organization of human conduct. There are three parts. The first reviews the established argument in the theory of knowledge that metaphor is not 'merely' figure of speech but intrinsic to language use. The middle section provides an introduction to the history of inhibition as a concept in nervous physiology and in psychology. This emphasizes the conjoined descriptive and normative character the concept has had, integrating science and the ordinary person's understanding of the achievement of top-down control in organized systems. The last section introduces a different dimension to the history and logic of control, pointing out that 'economic', as opposed to hierarchical, models of control also exist. The conclusion asserts the flexible, particular character of metaphor, encompassing mental and bodily realms - and hence the importance of historical work for its comprehension.
本文讨论了隐喻的本质和意义，以及一个概念——抑制，它在生理、心理和日常描述人类行为的控制组织中无处不在。本文分为三个部分。第一部分回顾了知识理论中确立的论点，即隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手法，而是语言使用的内在组成部分。中间部分介绍了抑制作为神经生理学和心理学中的一个概念的历史。这强调了该概念所具有的描述性和规范性特征，将科学和普通人对有组织系统中自上而下控制的理解结合在一起。最后一部分引入了控制的历史和逻辑的不同维度，指出也存在“经济”而不是分层的控制模型。结论断言了隐喻的灵活、具体的特征，包括心理和身体领域——因此，历史研究对于理解隐喻非常重要。
