Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, MI, USA .
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2020 Aug;37(8):624-631. doi: 10.1177/1049909120902808. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
Opioid overdoses have reached epidemic levels in the United States and have clustered in Northeastern and "Rust Belt" states. Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits also vary at the state level, with anger-prone traits clustered in the Northeast region. This study tested the hypothesis that state-level anger proneness would be associated with a greater increase in rates of opioid overdose death.
This was a secondary analysis of state-level data on FFM traits, opioid overdose deaths, and other classes of preventable death. Robust mixed models tested whether change in rates of opioid overdose death from 2008 to 2016 was moderated by state-level anger proneness.
State-level anger proneness was significantly associated with greater increases in rates of opioid overdose deaths (B = 1.01, standard error = 0.19, < .001, 95% confidence interval: 0.63-1.39). The slope of increase in opioid overdose death rates was 380% greater in anger-prone states and held after adjustment for potential confounders such as state-level prevalence of major depressive disorder, number of mental health facilities, and historical patterns of manufacturing decline. A similar pattern was observed between state-level anger proneness and benzodiazepine overdose deaths but was not significant for the latter after adjustment for potential confounders.
These findings suggest that states characterized as more anger prone have experienced greater increases in opioid overdose deaths.
在美国，阿片类药物过量已达到流行水平，并集中在东北部和“铁锈带”各州。五因素模型（FFM）的人格特质也因州而异，易怒特质集中在东北部地区。本研究检验了这样一个假设，即州级易怒程度与阿片类药物过量死亡率的更大增长有关。
这是对 FFM 特质、阿片类药物过量死亡和其他可预防死亡类别州级数据的二次分析。稳健的混合模型检验了 2008 年至 2016 年阿片类药物过量死亡率的变化是否受到州级易怒程度的调节。
州级易怒程度与阿片类药物过量死亡率的更大增长显著相关（B=1.01，标准误差=0.19，<0.001，95%置信区间：0.63-1.39）。在易怒状态下，阿片类药物过量死亡率的增长率斜率增加了 380%，在调整了主要抑郁障碍的州级流行率、心理健康设施数量和制造业下降的历史模式等潜在混杂因素后，这一趋势仍然存在。在州级易怒程度和苯二氮䓬类药物过量死亡之间也观察到了类似的模式，但在调整了潜在混杂因素后，后者并不显著。
这些发现表明，表现出更高易怒程度的州经历了阿片类药物过量死亡的更大增长。
