Saghatchian Mahasti, Lesur Anne
Pôle oncologie, Hôpital américain de Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France; Comité de pathologie mammaire, Département de médecine oncologique, Institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Responsable PARCOURS SEIN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
Bull Cancer. 2019 Dec;106(12S1):S37-S42. doi: 10.1016/S0007-4551(20)30046-1.
Despite proven survival benefits after breast cancer, long-trem compliance with adjuvant hormone therapy remains a major issue, partly due to the side effects of treatment. In young women treated for breast cancer, these treatments include tamoxifen, anti-aromatase and LH-RH analogues, with even more side effects when these treatments are combined, especially for younger patients with more aggressive disease. The management of the potential side effects requires first of all detailed and precise information at initiation of treatment, and preventive measures including patient education. Once the treatment has been initiated, clinicians should be able to propose to their patients appropriate measures to alleviate the potential of the side effects, which can be of various types: biological (dyslipidemia), physical (weight gain, hot flushes, vaginal dryness, sexual disorders with low libido, musculoskeletal symptoms…) or psychosocial (anxio-depressive disorders, poor body image, difficulties of professional reintegration). Management of these effects can combine various modalities: drugs (switching hormone therapy, anti-depressants, hormonal treatments of vaginal dryness in some cases, gabapentin), physical treatments (CO2 laser for vulvovaginal atrophy) or psycho-physical techniques (physical activity, mindfulness, acupuncture…). Eventually, the lenghth of these adjuvant hormonal treatments requires supportive measures to help young patients engage in new lifestyle measures, in particular in term of physical activity and diet. This will help them mitigate the symptoms related to these side-effects while reducing the long-term risks related to their disease and treatments.
尽管乳腺癌治疗后已证实有生存获益,但长期坚持辅助激素治疗仍是一个主要问题,部分原因是治疗的副作用。在接受乳腺癌治疗的年轻女性中,这些治疗包括他莫昔芬、芳香化酶抑制剂和促性腺激素释放激素类似物,当这些治疗联合使用时副作用更多,尤其是对于疾病更具侵袭性的年轻患者。潜在副作用的管理首先需要在治疗开始时提供详细准确的信息,以及包括患者教育在内的预防措施。一旦开始治疗,临床医生应能够向患者提出适当措施以减轻潜在的副作用,这些副作用可能有多种类型:生物学方面的(血脂异常)、身体方面的(体重增加、潮热、阴道干燥、性欲低下的性功能障碍、肌肉骨骼症状等)或心理社会方面的(焦虑抑郁障碍、身体形象不佳、职业重新融入困难)。这些副作用的管理可以结合多种方式:药物治疗(更换激素治疗、抗抑郁药、某些情况下的阴道干燥激素治疗、加巴喷丁)、物理治疗(用于外阴阴道萎缩的二氧化碳激光)或身心技术(体育活动、正念、针灸等)。最终,这些辅助激素治疗的疗程需要支持性措施,以帮助年轻患者采取新的生活方式措施,特别是在体育活动和饮食方面。这将有助于他们减轻与这些副作用相关的症状,同时降低与疾病和治疗相关的长期风险。