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国际空间站中的微生物监测及其在地球上的应用。

Microbial Monitoring in the International Space Station and Its Application on Earth.

机构信息

Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University.

Japan Space Forum.

出版信息

Biol Pharm Bull. 2020;43(2):254-257. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00912.

Abstract

The space habitat is a confined environment with a simple ecosystem that consists mainly of microorganisms and humans. Changes in the pathogenicity and virulence of bacteria, as well as in astronauts' immune systems, during spaceflight may pose potential hazards to crew health. To ensure microbiological safety in the space habitat, a comprehensive analysis of environmental microbiota is needed to understand the overall microbial world in this habitat. The resulting data contribute to evidence-based microbial monitoring, and continuous microbial monitoring will provide information regarding changes in bioburden and microbial ecosystem; this information is indispensable for microbiological management. Importantly, the majority of microbes in the environment are difficult to culture under conventional culture conditions. To improve understanding of the microbial community in the space habitat, culture-independent approaches are required. Furthermore, there is a need to assess the bioburden and physiological activity of microbes during future long-term space habitation, so that the "alert" and/or "action" level can be assessed based on real-time changes in the microbial ecosystem. Here, we review the microbial monitoring in the International Space Station-Kibo, and discuss how these results will be adapted to the microbial control in space habitation and pharmaceutical and food processing industries.

摘要

太空栖息地是一个封闭的环境,具有一个简单的生态系统,主要由微生物和人类组成。在太空飞行期间,细菌的致病性和毒力以及宇航员的免疫系统的变化可能对机组人员的健康构成潜在威胁。为了确保太空栖息地的微生物安全,需要对环境微生物组进行全面分析,以了解该栖息地中整个微生物世界。由此产生的数据有助于基于证据的微生物监测,并且持续的微生物监测将提供有关生物负荷和微生物生态系统变化的信息;这对于微生物管理是必不可少的。重要的是,环境中的大多数微生物在常规培养条件下难以培养。为了更好地了解太空栖息地中的微生物群落,需要采用非培养方法。此外,需要评估未来长期太空居住期间微生物的生物负荷和生理活性,以便能够根据微生物生态系统的实时变化评估“警报”和/或“行动”水平。在这里,我们回顾了国际空间站-基博的微生物监测,并讨论了如何将这些结果应用于太空栖息地以及制药和食品加工行业的微生物控制。

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