Nonaka Shunsuke, Shimada Hironori, Sakai Motohiro
School of Child Psychology, Tokyo Future University, Tokyo, Japan.
Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
Front Psychiatry. 2020 Jan 16;10:977. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00977. eCollection 2019.
Family support is key in the initial stages of psychological support for individuals with . However, it remains necessary to confirm the relationship between families' cognitive behavioral factors and the severity of hikikomori to understand ways of improving hikikomori. We examined the influences of family behavioral repertoires for coping with hikikomori and family interaction on the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori. We employed a control group to examine whether the influence of these adaptive behaviors was unique to families of individuals with hikikomori. We asked 185 parents of individuals with hikikomori (hikikomori group) and 460 parents of individuals with no experience of hikikomori (control group) to complete the Family Behavioral Repertoire Scale for coping with hikikomori (FBS-H), the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H), and the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori (ABS-H). Using the subscales of the ABS-H as the dependent variables, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses wherein family behavioral repertoire was added in Step 1, experience frequency and cognition of contingency were added in Step 2 as control values, family interaction was added in Step 3, and the interaction terms were added in Step 4. The ABS-H total and subscale scores were significantly lower in the hikikomori group than in the control group. The social participation subscale showed the largest difference, while the family subscale showed the smallest. In the hikikomori group, we observed a significant adjusted for the family and value subscales (Step 1). The in Step 3 was significant for the interaction and family subscales of the ABS-H. In the control group, significant adjusted values were found for all ABS-H subscales in Step 1, but the in Step 3 was not significant for any subscales. Family-related cognitive behavioral factors, such as family behavioral repertoire and family interaction, appear to relate to improvement in hikikomori. Of course, these findings warrant further investigation because we did not examine the longitudinal, causal relations between these variables. In the future, we might also test the effect of family support interventions that target families' behavioral repertoire and family interaction.
家庭支持是为患有闭锁症候群的个体提供心理支持初始阶段的关键。然而，仍有必要确认家庭认知行为因素与闭锁症候群严重程度之间的关系，以便了解改善闭锁症候群的方法。我们研究了家庭应对闭锁症候群的行为模式以及家庭互动对患有闭锁症候群个体适应行为的影响。我们设立了一个对照组，以检验这些适应行为的影响是否为患有闭锁症候群个体的家庭所特有。我们让185名患有闭锁症候群个体的父母（闭锁症候群组）和460名没有闭锁症候群经历的个体的父母（对照组）完成应对闭锁症候群的家庭行为模式量表（FBS-H）、闭锁症候群家庭互动量表（FIS-H）和闭锁症候群适应行为量表（ABS-H）。以ABS-H的子量表作为因变量，我们进行了分层多元回归分析，其中在第1步加入家庭行为模式，在第2步加入经历频率和意外情况认知作为控制变量，在第3步加入家庭互动，在第4步加入交互项。闭锁症候群组的ABS-H总分及子量表得分显著低于对照组。社会参与子量表的差异最大，而家庭子量表的差异最小。在闭锁症候群组中，我们观察到家庭和价值观子量表有显著的调整值（第1步）。第3步中ABS-H的交互和家庭子量表的调整值显著。在对照组中，第1步中所有ABS-H子量表都有显著的调整值，但第3步中任何子量表的调整值都不显著。与家庭相关的认知行为因素，如家庭行为模式和家庭互动，似乎与闭锁症候群的改善有关。当然，由于我们没有研究这些变量之间的纵向因果关系，这些发现有待进一步调查。未来，我们也可能测试针对家庭行为模式和家庭互动的家庭支持干预措施的效果。
