Scott B R, Hahn F F, McClellan R O, Seiler F A
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185.
Risk Anal. 1988 Sep;8(3):393-402. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb00503.x.
This manuscript provides risk estimators for acute lethality from radiation-induced injury to the bone marrow of humans after uniform total-body exposure to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. The risk estimators are needed for nuclear disaster risk assessment. The approach used is based on the dose X, in units of D50 (i.e., the dose required for 50% lethality). Using animal data, it is demonstrated that the use of dose in units of D50 eliminates most of the variability associated with mammalian species, type of low-LET radiation, and low-LET dose rate. Animal data are used to determine the shape of the dose-effect curve for marrow-syndrome lethality in man and to develop a functional relationship for the dependence of the D50 on dose rate. The functional relationship is used, along with the Weibull model, to develop acute lethality risk estimators for complex temporal patterns of continuous exposure to low-LET radiation. Animal data are used to test model predictions.
本手稿提供了人类全身均匀暴露于低线性能量传递（LET）辐射后，因辐射诱导的骨髓损伤导致急性致死率的风险估计值。核灾难风险评估需要这些风险估计值。所采用的方法基于以D50为单位的剂量X（即50%致死率所需的剂量）。利用动物数据表明，以D50为单位的剂量使用消除了与哺乳动物物种、低LET辐射类型和低LET剂量率相关的大部分变异性。利用动物数据确定人类骨髓综合征致死率的剂量-效应曲线形状，并建立D50对剂量率依赖性的函数关系。该函数关系与威布尔模型一起用于建立连续暴露于低LET辐射的复杂时间模式的急性致死率风险估计值。利用动物数据检验模型预测。
