Sharma Manvi, Li Yuanyuan, Stoll Matthew L, Tollefsbol Trygve O
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Front Genet. 2020 Jan 15;10:1329. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01329. eCollection 2019.
Metabolic diseases are becoming an alarming health issue due to elevated incidences of these diseases over the past few decades. Various environmental factors are associated with a number of metabolic diseases and often play a crucial role in this process. Amongst the factors, diet is the most important factor that can regulate these diseases modulation of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome participates in multiple metabolic processes in the human body and is mainly responsible for regulation of host metabolism. The alterations in function and composition of the gut microbiota have been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases induction of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by noncoding RNAs. These induced epigenetic modifications can also be regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota including short-chain fatty acids, folates, biotin and trimethylamine--oxide. In addition, studies have elucidated the potential role of these microbial-produced metabolites in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. Hence, this review focuses on the interactions between the gut microbiome and epigenetic processes in the regulation and development of obesity and diabetes, which may have potential as a novel preventive or therapeutic approach for several metabolic and other human diseases.
在过去几十年中，代谢性疾病的发病率不断上升，正成为一个令人担忧的健康问题。多种环境因素与许多代谢性疾病相关，并且在这一过程中往往起着关键作用。其中，饮食是能够通过调节肠道微生物群来调控这些疾病的最重要因素。肠道微生物群参与人体的多种代谢过程，主要负责调节宿主代谢。已知肠道微生物群的功能和组成变化与代谢性疾病的发病机制有关，包括诱导DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA调控等表观遗传变化。这些诱导的表观遗传修饰也可由肠道微生物群产生的代谢产物调节，包括短链脂肪酸、叶酸、生物素和氧化三甲胺。此外，研究已经阐明了这些微生物产生的代谢产物在肥胖和糖尿病病理生理学中的潜在作用。因此，本综述重点关注肠道微生物群与表观遗传过程在肥胖和糖尿病的调控与发展中的相互作用，这可能为几种代谢性疾病和其他人类疾病提供一种新的预防或治疗方法。
