School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
Environmental Monitoring Center of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 28;17(3):791. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030791.
Understanding the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential in the implementation of abatement measures of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, we conducted offline VOC measurements at residential, industrial, and background sites in Wuhan City from July 2016 to June 2017. Ambient samples were simultaneously collected at each site and were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection system. The highest mixing ratio of total VOCs was measured at the industrial site, followed by the residential, and background sites. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>35%) in the mixing ratios of quantified VOCs at the industrial and residential sites, followed by oxy-organics and alkenes (15-25%).The values of aromatics and halohydrocarbons were less than 15%. By contrast, the highest values of oxy-organics accounted for more than 30%. The model of positive matrix factorization was applied to identify the VOC sources and quantify the relative contributions of various sources. Gasoline-related emission (the combination of gasoline exhaust and gas vapor) was the most important VOC-source in the industrial and residential areas, with a relative contribution of 32.1% and 40.4%, respectively. Industrial process was the second most important source with a relative contribution ranging from 30.0% to 40.7%. The relative contribution of solvent usage was 6.5-22.3%. Meanwhile, the relative contribution of biogenic emission was only within the range of 2.0-5.0%. These findings implied the importance of controlling gasoline-related and industrial VOC emissions in reducing the VOC emissions in Wuhan.
了解挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的来源对于实施地面臭氧和二次有机气溶胶减排措施至关重要。本研究于 2016 年 7 月至 2017 年 6 月在武汉市的居民区、工业区和背景区进行了离线 VOC 测量。在每个站点同时采集环境样本，并使用气相色谱-质谱/火焰离子化检测系统进行分析。在工业区、居民区和背景区，总 VOC 的最高混合比在工业区测量，其次是居民区。在工业和居民区，烷烃在量化 VOC 的混合比中占比最大（>35%），其次是含氧有机物和烯烃（15-25%）。芳烃和卤代烃的值小于 15%。相比之下，含氧有机物的最高值超过 30%。采用正定矩阵因子分解模型来识别 VOC 来源，并量化各种来源的相对贡献。汽油相关排放（汽油尾气和气体蒸气的组合）是工业区和居民区最重要的 VOC 源，相对贡献分别为 32.1%和 40.4%。工业过程是第二大重要来源，相对贡献范围为 30.0%至 40.7%。溶剂使用的相对贡献为 6.5-22.3%。同时，生物源排放的相对贡献仅在 2.0-5.0%范围内。这些发现表明，控制汽油相关和工业 VOC 排放对于减少武汉市 VOC 排放至关重要。
