Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box: 7 Nablus, Palestine.
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126 Naples, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 28;21(3):832. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030832.
Black biodegradable/edible protein-based films were prepared from defatted cake waste obtained from (black cumin) seeds as by-product of oil extraction process. The effects of pH, glycerol concentrations, and transglutaminase-catalyzed protein cross-linking activity on the stability of film-forming solutions were studied to determine the best experimental conditions to produce handleable films. Proteins contained in the analyzed defatted cake were shown to be able to act as transglutaminase acyl donor and acceptor substrates being polymerized when incubated in vitro in the presence of the enzyme. Film-forming solutions containing 20% glycerol and casted at pH 8.0 after treatment with the enzyme gave rise to morphologically more homogeneous films possessing mechanical and barrier properties, as well as antimicrobial activity, compatible with their possible applications as food packaging materials and mulching sheets. These findings confirm the validity of the strategy to consider the seed oil processed cakes as protein-based renewable sources to produce not only fertilizers, animal feed, or culinary food but also further valuable products such as bioplastics.
从（黑孜然）种子提取油过程中的副产物——脱脂饼废料中提取的黑色可生物降解/可食用的蛋白质基薄膜。研究了 pH 值、甘油浓度和转谷氨酰胺酶催化的蛋白质交联活性对成膜溶液稳定性的影响，以确定生产可处理薄膜的最佳实验条件。分析得出，脱脂饼中含有的蛋白质能够作为转谷氨酰胺酶酰基供体和受体底物，在酶存在的体外孵育条件下发生聚合。含有 20%甘油的成膜溶液在经过酶处理后，在 pH 值 8.0 下浇铸，形成的薄膜在形态上更加均匀，具有机械和阻隔性能，以及抗菌活性，这与它们作为食品包装材料和覆盖薄膜的潜在应用是兼容的。这些发现证实了将种子油加工蛋糕视为生产不仅是肥料、动物饲料或烹饪食品，而且还有其他有价值产品（如生物塑料）的基于蛋白质的可再生资源的策略是有效的。
