Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning 530007, China.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Jan 29;11(2):144. doi: 10.3390/genes11020144.
(Ashmead, ) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary species of parasitoid wasp and widely used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs as a biological control agent in order to suppress tephritid fruit flies of economic importance. Although many studies have investigated the behaviors in the detection of their hosts, little is known of the molecular information of their chemosensory system. We assembled the first transcriptome of using transcriptome sequencing and identified 162,621 unigenes for the Ashmead insects in response to fruit flies fed with different fruits (guava, mango, and carambola). We annotated these transcripts on both the gene and protein levels by aligning them to databases (e.g., NR, NT, KEGG, GO, PFAM, UniProt/SwissProt) and prediction software (e.g., SignalP, RNAMMER, TMHMM Sever). CPC2 and MIREAP were used to predict the potential noncoding RNAs and microRNAs, respectively. Based on these annotations, we found 43, 69, 60, 689, 26 and 14 transcripts encoding odorant-binding protein (OBP), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), gustatory receptor (GR), odorant receptor (OR), odorant ionotropic receptor (IR), and sensory neuron membrane protein (SNMP), respectively. Sequence analysis identified the conserved six Cys in OBP sequences and phylogenetic analysis further supported the identification of OBPs and CSPs. Furthermore, 9 OBPs, 13 CSPs, 3 GRs, 4IRs, 25 ORs, and 4 SNMPs were differentially expressed in the insects in response to fruit flies with different scents. These results support that the olfactory genes of the parasitoid wasps were specifically expressed in response to their hosts with different scents. Our findings improve our understanding of the behaviors of insects in the detection of their hosts on the molecular level. More importantly, it provides a valuable resource for research and will benefit the IPM programs and other researchers in this filed.
（阿什梅德，）（膜翅目：Braconidae）是一种独居的寄生蜂物种，广泛用于综合虫害管理（IPM）计划中，作为一种生物防治剂，以抑制具有经济重要性的果实蝇。尽管许多研究已经调查了它们探测宿主的行为，但对它们的化学感觉系统的分子信息知之甚少。我们使用转录组测序组装了第一个（阿什梅德）转录组，并鉴定了 162621 个单基因，这些基因是对用不同水果（番石榴、芒果和杨桃）喂养的果实蝇的响应。我们通过将这些转录物与数据库（例如，NR、NT、KEGG、GO、PFAM、UniProt/SwissProt）和预测软件（例如，SignalP、RNAMMER、TMHMM Sever）对齐，在基因和蛋白质水平上对这些转录物进行注释。CPC2 和 MIREAP 分别用于预测潜在的非编码 RNA 和 microRNA。基于这些注释，我们发现分别有 43、69、60、689、26 和 14 个转录本编码气味结合蛋白（OBP）、化学感觉蛋白（CSP）、味觉受体（GR）、气味受体（OR）、气味离子型受体（IR）和感觉神经元膜蛋白（SNMP）。序列分析确定了 OBP 序列中保守的六个半胱氨酸，系统发育分析进一步支持了 OBP 和 CSP 的鉴定。此外，9 个 OBP、13 个 CSP、3 个 GR、4 个 IR、25 个 OR 和 4 个 SNMP 在对不同气味的果实蝇的昆虫中差异表达。这些结果表明，寄生蜂的嗅觉基因是专门针对不同气味的宿主表达的。我们的研究结果提高了我们对昆虫在探测宿主方面的行为的分子水平的理解。更重要的是，它为（阿什梅德）的研究提供了有价值的资源，并将有益于 IPM 计划和该领域的其他研究人员。
