Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
Microb Pathog. 2020 Apr;141:104029. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104029. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
The human body is a reservoir of numerous micro-creatures; whose role is substantial and indispensable in the overall development of human beings. The advances in omic approaches have offered powerful means to decipher the core microbiome and metabolome diversities in a specific organ system. The establishment of lactobacilli in the female reproductive tract is thought to be a paramount prerequisite that maintains homeostatic conditions for a sustainable and healthy pregnancy. Nevertheless, a plethora of such Lactobacillus strains of vaginal source revealed probiotic phenotypes. The plummeting in the occurrence of lactobacilli in the vaginal ecosystem is associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). One such pathological condition is "Bacterial Vaginosis" (BV), a pathogen dominated gynecological threat. In this scenario, the ascending traffic of notorious Gram-negative/variable BV pathogens to the uterus is one of the proposed pathways that give rise to inflammation-related APOs like preterm birth. Since antibiotic resistance is aggravating among urogenital pathogens, the probiotics intervention remains one of the alternative biotherapeutic strategies to overcome BV and its associated APOs. Perhaps, the increased inclination towards the safer and natural biotherapeutic strategies rather than pharmaceutical drugs for maintaining gestational and reproductive health resulted in the use of probiotics in pregnancy diets. In this context, the current review is an attempt to highlight the microbiome and metabolites signatures of BV and non-BV vaginal ecosystem, inflammation or infection-related preterm birth, host-microbial interactions, role and effectiveness of probiotics to fight against aforesaid diseased conditions.
人体是众多微生物的储存库；它们在人类的整体发展中起着重要且不可或缺的作用。组学方法的进步为破译特定器官系统中的核心微生物组和代谢组多样性提供了有力的手段。人们认为，乳酸菌在女性生殖道中的定植是维持妊娠可持续和健康的稳态条件的首要前提。然而，大量来自阴道的这种乳酸菌菌株显示出了益生菌表型。阴道生态系统中乳酸菌的大量减少与多种不良妊娠结局（APO）有关。其中一种病理状况是“细菌性阴道病”（BV），这是一种以病原体为主的妇科威胁。在这种情况下，臭名昭著的革兰氏阴性/可变 BV 病原体向上生殖道的传播是导致与炎症相关的 APO 如早产的一种提出的途径。由于泌尿生殖道病原体的抗生素耐药性日益加重，益生菌干预仍然是克服 BV 及其相关 APO 的替代生物治疗策略之一。也许，人们越来越倾向于使用更安全和天然的生物治疗策略而不是药物来维持妊娠和生殖健康，这导致了在妊娠饮食中使用益生菌。在这种情况下，本综述试图强调 BV 和非 BV 阴道生态系统、与炎症或感染相关的早产、宿主-微生物相互作用、益生菌的作用和有效性，以对抗上述疾病状况。
