Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés S/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2020 Mar;137:111161. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111161. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Mycotoxins are considered to be a major risk factor affecting human and animal health as they are one of the most dangerous contaminants of food and feed. This review aims to compile the research developed up to date on the toxicological effects that mycotoxins can induce on human health, through the examination of a selected number of studies in vivo. AFB1 shows to be currently the most studied mycotoxin in vivo, followed by DON, ZEA and OTA. Scarce data was found for FBs, PAT, CIT, AOH and Fusarium emerging mycotoxins. The majority of them concerned the investigation of immunotoxicity, whereas the rest consisted in the study of genotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, teratogenicity and neurotoxicity. In order to assess the risk, a wide range of different techniques have been employed across the reviewed studies: qPCR, ELISA, IHC, WB, LC-MS/MS, microscopy, enzymatic assays, microarray and RNA-Seq. In the last decade, the attention has been drawn to immunologic and transcriptomic aspects of mycotoxins' action, confirming their toxicity at molecular level. Even though, more in vivo studies are needed to further investigate their mechanism of action on human health.
真菌毒素被认为是影响人类和动物健康的主要风险因素之一，因为它们是食物和饲料中最危险的污染物之一。本综述旨在通过检查选定的体内研究，汇编迄今为止关于真菌毒素对人类健康可能产生的毒理学影响的研究。AFB1 目前是体内研究最多的真菌毒素，其次是 DON、ZEA 和 OTA。对于 FBs、PAT、CIT、AOH 和镰刀菌新兴真菌毒素，数据很少。它们中的大多数涉及免疫毒性的调查，而其余的则包括遗传毒性、氧化应激、肝毒性、细胞毒性、致畸性和神经毒性的研究。为了评估风险，在被审查的研究中采用了广泛的不同技术：qPCR、ELISA、IHC、WB、LC-MS/MS、显微镜、酶测定、微阵列和 RNA-Seq。在过去十年中，人们对真菌毒素作用的免疫和转录组学方面的关注已经证实了它们在分子水平上的毒性。尽管如此，还需要更多的体内研究来进一步研究它们对人类健康的作用机制。
