Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 1;715:136978. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136978. Epub 2020 Jan 27.
During the past years, the ecological integrity and biodiversity of marine ecosystems have been highly threatened due to the controlled or uncontrolled release of high concentrations of pollutants generated through anthropogenic activities. The occurrence of environmentally related hazardous pollutants, such as toxic elements, and recalcitrant compounds in various environmental matrices has raised increasing concern. Different technologies have been developed for efficient removal and complete mitigation or degradation of these toxic elements from the aquatic environment. Among them, biosorption and bioaccumulation by renewable and biodegradable sources are of supreme interest and have not been reviewed much. For instance, the invasive seaweed Sargassum sp. has been spotted as a cost-effective natural material to capture targeted pollutants from the coastal ecosystem, which is currently becoming a pressing problem, around the globe, due to its unusual proliferation near tropical shores. This review is an effort to cover the left behind gap to present the multifunctional potentialities of Sargassum sp. biomass. Herein, salient information is given to highlight the potential of Sargassum sp. biomass for environmental decontamination with particular focus to coastal ecosystems. Bioremediation mechanisms, challenges of implementation and factors involved in adsorption and absorption of pollutants by seaweeds are also discussed in this review. Against this background, a circular economy perspective is given for the integrated use of the algal raw material. The up-taken pollutants can be recovered and reintegrated into the value chain of industrial processes, while residual biomass is refined to obtain added-value products as bioactive compounds with potential applications for biofuel, agriculture, cosmetics, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical industries among others, to make the most of renewable resources.
在过去的几年中，由于人为活动产生的高浓度污染物的控制或失控释放，海洋生态系统的生态完整性和生物多样性受到了严重威胁。在各种环境基质中出现的与环境有关的危险污染物，如有毒元素和难降解化合物，引起了越来越多的关注。已经开发了不同的技术来有效地去除和完全减轻或降解这些有毒元素从水生环境。其中，可再生和可生物降解的来源的生物吸附和生物积累引起了极大的兴趣，并且没有得到太多的审查。例如，入侵海藻马尾藻属已被发现是一种从沿海生态系统中捕获目标污染物的具有成本效益的天然材料，由于其在热带海岸附近的异常增殖，目前在全球范围内成为一个紧迫的问题。本综述旨在弥补这一空白，展示马尾藻属生物质的多功能潜力。本文给出了突出的信息，强调了马尾藻属生物质用于环境净化的潜力，特别是对沿海生态系统。本文还讨论了生物修复机制、实施的挑战以及海藻对污染物的吸附和吸收所涉及的因素。在此背景下，提出了一种循环经济观点，用于藻类原料的综合利用。被吸收的污染物可以被回收并重新整合到工业过程的价值链中，而剩余的生物质则被提炼成具有潜在应用于生物燃料、农业、化妆品、营养保健品、制药等行业的生物活性化合物的附加值产品，以充分利用可再生资源。
