Elles-Pérez Cindy, Guzman-Tordecilla Maria, Ramos Yuliceth, Castillo-Ramírez Margarita, Moreno-Ríos Andrea, Garzón-Rodríguez Carolina, Rojas-Solano Jacqueline
Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje, SENA, Regional Atlántico, Grupo: CNCA, Carrera 43 No. 42 - 40, 080003, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
Universidad del Norte, km 5 antigua vía a Puerto Colombia, 081007, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 5;10(20):e39005. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39005. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
The Mallorquín Swamp, an important ecosystem in Atlántico, Colombian Caribbean, underwent environmental monitoring at eight points during rainy, transition, and dry seasons. This was to assess water quality, seasonal variation, and the bioaccumulation of metals, emerging pollutants, and organic compounds in the fish and . Water parameters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multifactorial ANOVA with the Tukey HSD test for seasonal differences. Normality and variance of the fish results were verified, and differences between groups were evaluated using ANOVA or Kruskal-Walli's method when data transformation failed. Spearman correlation was used to relate the results. Water sampling revealed variations in temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and nutrient levels. Significant differences in alkalinity and hardness were observed across seasons and sample points. The most probable number (MPN) levels of Total coliform and peaked near areas with domestic wastewater inputs, reaching 5.4x10 and 4.0x10 MPN, respectively, indicating potential microbiological contamination of water. Fish samples revealed high concentrations of persistent substances such as methylmercury, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and emerging pollutants. Heavy metal analysis showed elevated iron levels (5.28 ± 0.657 mg/L), while emerging pollutants, including ibuprofen (218 μg/L) and naproxen (343.89 μg/L), exhibited high concentrations near human settlements. showed higher bioconcentration tendencies for methylmercury (238.5 ± 100 μg/kg), and acenaphthene (7782 ± 4123.8 μg/kg), possibly influenced by its feeding habits and habitat preferences. In contrast, exhibited higher bioaccumulation trends of PAH (2376.23 ± 599.63 μg/kg acenaphthene) and emerging pollutants like galaxolide (139.49 ± 34.98 μg/kg), possibly due to its mobility and exposure to various contaminants in their environment. These findings emphasize the need to monitor and manage aquatic ecosystems' health to mitigate anthropogenic influences on water quality and biodiversity. This research serves as a reference for global conservation efforts, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and regulatory frameworks to protect aquatic environments and ensure their sustainability for future generations.
马洛卡湿地是哥伦比亚加勒比地区大西洋沿岸的一个重要生态系统，在雨季、过渡季和旱季对其八个点位进行了环境监测。目的是评估水质、季节变化以及鱼类体内金属、新出现污染物和有机化合物的生物累积情况。使用描述性统计和多因素方差分析以及用于季节差异的Tukey HSD检验对水参数进行了分析。对鱼类结果的正态性和方差进行了验证，当数据转换失败时，使用方差分析或Kruskal-Walli方法评估组间差异。使用Spearman相关性来关联结果。水样分析显示温度、溶解氧、盐度和营养水平存在变化。在不同季节和采样点观察到碱度和硬度存在显著差异。总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群的最可能数（MPN）水平在生活污水排放区域附近达到峰值，分别达到5.4×10⁵和4.0×10⁴MPN，表明水存在潜在的微生物污染。鱼类样本显示出高浓度的持久性物质，如甲基汞、多环芳烃（PAHs）和新出现污染物。重金属分析显示铁含量升高（5.28±0.657毫克/升），而包括布洛芬（218微克/升）和萘普生（343.89微克/升）在内的新出现污染物在人类住区附近浓度较高。[某种鱼]对甲基汞（238.5±100微克/千克）和苊（7782±4123.8微克/千克）表现出较高的生物浓缩趋势，可能受其摄食习惯和栖息地偏好影响。相比之下，[另一种鱼]对PAH（苊为2376.23±599.63微克/千克）和新出现污染物如佳乐麝香（139.49±34.98微克/千克）表现出较高的生物累积趋势，可能是由于其活动能力以及在其环境中接触各种污染物。这些发现强调了监测和管理水生生态系统健康以减轻人为因素对水质和生物多样性影响的必要性。这项研究为全球保护工作提供了参考，强调需要全面的监测和监管框架来保护水生环境并确保其对子孙后代的可持续性。
