Civil and Coastal Engineering Department, ESSIE, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
Nat Commun. 2020 Feb 3;11(1):678. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14423-9.
Tropical cyclones are one of the most destructive natural hazards and much of the damage and casualties they cause are flood-related. Accurate characterization and prediction of total water levels during extreme storms is necessary to minimize coastal impacts. While meteotsunamis are known to influence water levels and to produce severe consequences, their impacts during tropical cyclones are underappreciated. This study demonstrates that meteotsunami waves commonly occur during tropical cyclones, and that they can contribute significantly to total water levels. We use an idealized coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave numerical model to analyze tropical cyclone-induced meteotsunami generation and propagation mechanisms. We show that the most extreme meteotsunami events are triggered by inherent features of the structure of tropical cyclones: inner and outer spiral rainbands. While outer distant spiral rainbands produce single-peak meteotsunami waves, inner spiral rainbands trigger longer lasting wave trains on the front side of the tropical cyclones.
热带气旋是最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，它们造成的大部分破坏和人员伤亡都与洪水有关。准确描述和预测极端风暴期间的总水位对于最大限度地减少沿海地区的影响是必要的。虽然众所周知，涌浪会影响水位并产生严重后果，但它们在热带气旋期间的影响尚未得到充分认识。本研究表明，涌浪通常发生在热带气旋期间，并且它们可以显著增加总水位。我们使用理想化的耦合海洋-大气-波数值模型来分析热带气旋引起的涌浪生成和传播机制。我们表明，最极端的涌浪事件是由热带气旋结构的固有特征引发的：内、外螺旋雨带。虽然外远螺旋雨带产生单峰涌浪波，但内螺旋雨带在热带气旋的前侧引发持续时间更长的波列。
