Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China.
Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Jan 1;16(3):460-470. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.39016. eCollection 2020.
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are a new population of innate immune cells, which are abundant in the liver and play complex roles in various liver diseases. In this review, we summarize MAIT cells in the liver diseases in recent studies, figure out the role of MAIT cells in various liver disease, including Alcoholic liver disease, Non-alcoholic liver disease, Autoimmune liver diseases, Viral hepatitis and Liver Cancer. Briefly, MAIT cells are involved in anti-bacteria responses in the alcoholic liver diseases. Besides, the activated MAIT cells promote the liver inflammation by secreting inflammatory cytokines and produce regulatory cytokines, which induces anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. MAIT cells participate in the liver fibrosis via enhancing hepatic stellate cell activation. In viral hepatitis, MAIT cells exhibit a flawed and exhausted phenotype, which results in little effect on controlling the virus and bacteria. In liver cancer, MAIT cells indicate the disease progression and the outcome of therapy. In summary, MAIT cells are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver disease.
黏膜相关恒定 T 细胞（MAIT 细胞）是一类新的固有免疫细胞，在肝脏中丰富存在，并在各种肝脏疾病中发挥复杂作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近研究中 MAIT 细胞在肝脏疾病中的作用，阐明了 MAIT 细胞在各种肝脏疾病中的作用，包括酒精性肝病、非酒精性肝病、自身免疫性肝病、病毒性肝炎和肝癌。简要地说，MAIT 细胞参与酒精性肝病中的抗细菌反应。此外，活化的 MAIT 细胞通过分泌炎症细胞因子和产生调节性细胞因子来促进肝脏炎症，诱导抗炎性巨噬细胞极化。MAIT 细胞通过增强肝星状细胞的激活参与肝纤维化。在病毒性肝炎中，MAIT 细胞表现出缺陷和耗竭的表型，对控制病毒和细菌几乎没有效果。在肝癌中，MAIT 细胞提示疾病进展和治疗结果。总之，MAIT 细胞是肝脏疾病有吸引力的生物标志物和治疗靶点。
