Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020 Feb;31 Suppl 24:58-60. doi: 10.1111/pai.13167.
Rotavirus (RV) disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in children under 5 years of age. The introduction of the two oral rotavirus vaccines Rotarix and RotaTeq has shown significant reductions in RV-related mortality, severe RV disease, and hospitalizations. However, some barriers, including a reduced efficacy in low-income countries, safety issues regarding the intussusception risk, age restrictions on vaccine use, the live-attenuated nature itself, and the substantial vaccine costs, currently restrict the full potential of RV disease prevention. Therefore, research is now focusing on the implementation of new oral vaccines and the development of parenteral vaccines to overcome these limits. This review provides an overview of the new rotavirus vaccines in clinical development and the ongoing clinical trials on new RV vaccines in the pediatric age.
轮状病毒（RV）疾病是导致死亡和发病的主要原因，尤其是在 5 岁以下儿童中。两种口服轮状病毒疫苗（Rotarix 和 RotaTeq）的引入显著降低了与 RV 相关的死亡率、严重 RV 疾病和住院率。然而，一些障碍，包括在低收入国家的效力降低、关于肠套叠风险的安全性问题、疫苗使用的年龄限制、活疫苗本身的性质以及疫苗的高昂费用，目前限制了 RV 疾病预防的全部潜力。因此，目前的研究重点是实施新的口服疫苗和开发肠道外疫苗，以克服这些限制。本综述提供了正在临床开发中的新型轮状病毒疫苗概述，以及在儿科人群中进行的新型 RV 疫苗的临床试验。
