Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Psychogeriatrics. 2020 Jul;20(4):419-426. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12517. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
We performed a 12-month exercise intervention for 'nursing home for the elderly' residents requiring long-term care. We evaluated changes in their muscular strength, muscle mass, and cognitive function.
Thirty-seven nursing home residents (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): 14.7 ± 7.0, Barthel Index: 44.2 ± 18.9) were enrolled. We divided the participants into the exercise intervention group (n = 19) and non-intervention group (n = 18) ensuring no significant difference in the participants' characteristics at baseline. For the exercise intervention group, exercise was performed for about 40 min twice a week for 12 months. Skeletal Mass Index and grip force were determined to evaluate muscle mass and muscle strength, respectively. MMSE, Trail Making Test (TMT) part A, and Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS15) were used for cognitive function evaluation, with their changes investigated.
After 12 months, the MMSE scores were significantly improved in the exercise intervention group compared with the non-intervention group (change from baseline to 12 months: Non-intervention: -1.0 ± 2.8, Intervention: 1.2 ± 3.0; P = 0.04). Moreover, the grip force of the dominant arm was significantly improved in the exercise intervention group compared with the non-intervention group (change from baseline to 12 months: Non-intervention: -1.3 ± 2.8 kg, Intervention: 1.4 ± 4.6 kg; P = 0.007). The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly increased after 12 months compared with baseline in the non-intervention group (Non-intervention: 61.1% → 75.0%, Intervention: 77.8% → 71.4%; P < 0.02). There were no significant changes in GDS15, Barthel Index and TMT after 12 months in intervention and non-intervention groups.
Exercise intervention may be effectively used for improving the physical and cognitive functions of nursing home residents requiring long-term care.
我们对需要长期护理的“养老院”居民进行了为期 12 个月的运动干预。我们评估了他们肌肉力量、肌肉质量和认知功能的变化。
共纳入 37 名养老院居民（简易精神状态检查（MMSE）：14.7±7.0，巴氏指数：44.2±18.9）。我们将参与者分为运动干预组（n=19）和非干预组（n=18），确保基线时参与者的特征无显著差异。对于运动干预组，每周进行约 40 分钟的运动 2 次，共 12 个月。使用骨骼质量指数和握力分别评估肌肉质量和肌肉力量，并评估其变化。使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）、连线测试（TMT）A 部分和老年抑郁量表 15（GDS15）评估认知功能，并研究其变化。
12 个月后，运动干预组的 MMSE 评分明显高于非干预组（从基线到 12 个月的变化：非干预组：-1.0±2.8，干预组：1.2±3.0；P=0.04）。此外，运动干预组的优势手臂握力明显优于非干预组（从基线到 12 个月的变化：非干预组：-1.3±2.8kg，干预组：1.4±4.6kg；P=0.007）。与基线相比，12 个月后非干预组的肌少症患病率明显增加（非干预组：61.1%→75.0%，干预组：77.8%→71.4%；P<0.02）。干预组和非干预组在 12 个月后 GDS15、巴氏指数和 TMT 均无明显变化。
运动干预可能有效改善需要长期护理的养老院居民的身体和认知功能。
