Alowaydhah Samaher, Weerasekara Ishanka, Walmsley Sarah, Marquez Jodie
College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
College of Applied Medical Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2024 Jul 5;2024:5639004. doi: 10.1155/2024/5639004. eCollection 2024.
All English studies published after 1989 with a controlled design, investigating 65 years and over were considered if the study design compared PE to a nonexercise control group. Health-related outcomes included physical, cognitive, and psychological function. Studies that investigated cardiorespiratory disease and used designs like systematic review were excluded. . Altogether, 57 studies were included of which 38 had data that were useable for meta-analysis. In the healthy aged, a significant benefit of multicomponent exercises (=0.006, SMD = 1.40, CI = 0.41, 2.40) and tai chi (=0.01, MD = 0.51, CI = 0.12, 0.91) on physical function was revealed, while strength exercise benefitted cognitive function (=0.04, SMD = 0.86, CI = 0.03, 1.68). In frail older adults, there was a significant benefit of multicomponent exercises on physical function ( < 0.0001, SMD = -10.85, CI = 5.66, 16.04) and mental health (=0.0002, SMD = -0.39, CI=-0.18, 0.59). Strength exercise had a significant benefit on activity of daily living (ADL) ( < 0.0003, SMD = 15.78, CI = 7.28, 24.28).
The substantial disparity of research in the field of exercise in older adults renders synthesis of the evidence problematic. However, it appears that multicomponent exercise is the most suitable approach for both healthy and frail older adults although the benefit may be reflected in different health outcomes.
纳入1989年后发表的所有采用对照设计的英文研究，研究对象为65岁及以上人群，条件是研究设计将体育锻炼与非运动对照组进行比较。与健康相关的结果包括身体、认知和心理功能。排除了调查心血管疾病且采用系统评价等设计的研究。总共纳入了57项研究，其中38项研究的数据可用于荟萃分析。在健康老年人中，多组分运动（P = 0.006，标准化均数差 [SMD]=1.40，可信区间 [CI]=0.41, 2.40）和太极拳（P = 0.01，均数差 [MD]=0.51，CI = 0.12, 0.91）对身体功能有显著益处，而力量训练有益于认知功能（P = 0.04，SMD = 0.86，CI = 0.03, 1.68）。在体弱老年人中，多组分运动对身体功能（P < 0.0001，SMD = -10.85，CI = 5.66, 16.04）和心理健康（P = 0.0002，SMD = -0.39，CI = -0.18, 0.59）有显著益处。力量训练对日常生活活动能力（ADL）有显著益处（P < 0.0003，SMD = 15.78，CI = 7.28, 24.28）。
老年人运动领域研究的巨大差异使得证据的综合存在问题。然而，多组分运动似乎是健康和体弱老年人最合适的运动方式，尽管益处可能体现在不同的健康结果上。
