Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
Kidney Blood Press Res. 2020;45(2):307-313. doi: 10.1159/000504224. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in children with congenital heart defects (CHD).
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children with CHD with CAKUT admitted to the Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between September 2018 and March 2019. Patients underwent routine examinations for liver, kidney, and coagulation function, and urinary tract ultrasonography, and we summarized patients' clinical manifestations and imaging abnormalities.
A total of 1,410 children with CHD were diagnosed and treated in our hospital. The total number of patients with abnormal urogenital systems was 104, and hydronephrosis was the most common abnormality, followed by vesicoureteral reflux and duplication of the kidney and ureter. The overall prevalence of CAKUT was 7.4%. There was no statistically significant difference for maternal age, sex, parity, gestational age, and history of medication during pregnancy between the patients with CAKUT and those without CAKUT.
The incidence of CAKUT in our patients with CHD was significantly higher than that in the general population. We recommend urinary ultrasonography as a routine examination for children with CHD for early detection of CAKUT, to avoid missed diagnoses, and to initiate appropriate treatment.
背景/目的：探讨先天性心脏缺陷（CHD）患儿先天性肾和尿路异常（CAKUT）的发病率和临床特征。
我们回顾性分析了 2018 年 9 月至 2019 年 3 月期间在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心就诊的 CHD 合并 CAKUT 患儿的临床资料。患者接受常规肝、肾功能和凝血功能检查以及尿路超声检查，并总结患者的临床表现和影像学异常。
我院共诊断和治疗 1410 例 CHD 患儿。泌尿生殖系统异常患者共计 104 例，其中以肾积水最为常见，其次为输尿管反流和重复肾输尿管。CAKUT 的总患病率为 7.4%。CAKUT 患儿与非 CAKUT 患儿的母亲年龄、性别、产次、胎龄和孕期用药史差异均无统计学意义。
本研究中 CHD 患儿 CAKUT 的发病率明显高于普通人群。我们建议对 CHD 患儿进行常规的尿路超声检查，以便早期发现 CAKUT，避免漏诊，并及时进行适当的治疗。
