角质形成细胞自噬依赖性 HMGB1 的非经典分泌在银屑病皮肤炎症中起关键作用。
Autophagy-based unconventional secretion of HMGB1 by keratinocytes plays a pivotal role in psoriatic skin inflammation.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
出版信息
Autophagy. 2021 Feb;17(2):529-552. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1725381. Epub 2020 Feb 16.
The precise mechanism through which macroautophagy/autophagy affects psoriasis is poorly understood. Here, we found that keratinocyte (KC) autophagy, which was positively correlated with psoriatic severity in patients and mouse models and could be inhibited by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family inactivation. The impairment of autophagic flux alleviated psoriasisform inflammation. We also found that an autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway (autosecretion) dependent on ATG5 (autophagy related 5) and GORASP2 (golgi reassembly stacking protein 2) promoted psoriasiform KC inflammation. Moreover, the alarmin HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) was more effective than other autosecretory proteins in regulating psoriasiform cutaneous inflammation. HMGB1 neutralization in autophagy-efficient KCs eliminated the differences in psoriasiform inflammation between KCs and KCs, and conversely, recombinant HMGB1 almost completely restored psoriasiform inflammation in KCs . These results suggest that HMGB1-associated autosecretion plays a pivotal role in cutaneous inflammation. Finally, we demonstrated that mice displayed attenuated psoriatic inflammation due to the essential crosstalk between KC-specific HMGB1-associated autosecretion and γδT cells. Thus, this study uncovered a novel autophagy mechanism in psoriasis pathogenesis, and the findings imply the clinical significance of investigating and treating psoriasis. 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin beta; AGER: advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor; Anti-HMGB1: anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody; Anti-IL18: anti-IL18 neutralizing antibody; Anti-IL1B: anti-IL1B neutralizing antibody; ATG5: autophagy related 5; BAF: bafilomycin A; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP1: caspase 1; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand; CsA: cyclosporine A; ctrl shRNA: lentivirus harboring shRNA against control; CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; DCs: dendritic cells; DMEM: dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EM: electron microscopy; FBS: fetal bovine serum; shRNA: lentivirus harboring shRNA against ; GORASP2/GRASP55: golgi reassembly stacking protein 2; GR1: a composite epitope between LY6 (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex) locus C1 and LY6 locus G6D antigens; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; shRNA: lentivirus harboring shRNA against ; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL17A: interleukin 17A; IL18: interleukin 18; IL1A/IL-1α: interleukin 1 alpha; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL22/IL-22: interleukin 22; IL23A: interleukin 23 subunit alpha; IL23R: interleukin 23 receptor; IMQ: imiquimod; ITGAM/CD11B: integrin subunit alpha M; ITGAX/CD11C: integrin subunit alpha X; IVL: involucrin; KC: keratinocyte; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; mice: mice bearing an allele, in which exon 3 of the gene is flanked by two loxP sites; : mice bearing an flox allele, in which exon 2 to 4 of the gene is flanked by two loxP sites; mice: keratinocyte-specific knockout mice generated by mating mice with mice expressing recombinase under the control of the promoter of mice: keratinocyte-specific knockout mice generated by mating mice with mice expressing recombinase under the control of the promoter of mice: mice expressing 164-amino acid splice variant recombinase under the control of promoter of ; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LORICRIN: loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein; M5: TNF, IL1A, IL17A, IL22 and OSM in combination; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MKI67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MTT: thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NHEKs: primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes; NS: not significant; OSM: oncostatin M; PASI: psoriasis area and severity index; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; qRT-PCR: quantitative RT-PCR; RELA/p65: RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit; rHMGB1: recombinant HMGB1; rIL18: recombinant interleukin 18; rIL1B: recombinant interleukin 1 beta; S100A: S100 calcium binding protein A; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T17: IL17A-producing T; TCR: T-cell receptor; KO mice: (T cell receptor delta chain) knockout mice, which show deficient receptor expression in all adult lymphoid and epithelial organs; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; WOR: wortmannin; WT: wild-type; γδT17 cells: IL17A-producing γδ T cells.
自噬通过何种精确机制影响银屑病尚不完全清楚。在这里,我们发现角质形成细胞(KC)自噬与患者和小鼠模型中银屑病的严重程度呈正相关,并且可以被丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)家族失活所抑制。自噬流的受损缓解了银屑病样炎症。我们还发现,一种依赖于 ATG5(自噬相关 5)和 GORASP2(高尔基再组装堆叠蛋白 2)的自噬性非常规分泌途径(自分泌)促进了银屑病样 KC 炎症。此外,警报素 HMGB1(高迁移率族蛋白 B1)比其他自分泌蛋白更有效地调节银屑病样皮肤炎症。在自噬有效的 KC 中中和 HMGB1 消除了 KC 和 KC 之间银屑病样炎症的差异,相反,重组 HMGB1 几乎完全恢复了 KC 中的银屑病样炎症。这些结果表明,HMGB1 相关的自分泌在皮肤炎症中起着关键作用。最后,我们证明由于 KC 特异性 HMGB1 相关自分泌与 γδT 细胞之间的重要串扰,小鼠表现出减轻的银屑病炎症。因此,这项研究揭示了银屑病发病机制中的一种新的自噬机制,研究结果暗示了研究和治疗银屑病的临床意义。3-MA:3-甲基腺嘌呤;ACTB:肌动蛋白β;AGER:晚期糖基化终产物特异性受体;抗-HMGB1:抗 HMGB1 中和抗体;抗-IL18:抗 IL18 中和抗体;抗-IL1B:抗 IL1B 中和抗体;ATG5:自噬相关 5;BAF:巴佛洛霉素 A;BECN1:beclin 1;CASP1:半胱天冬酶 1;CCL:C-C 基序趋化因子配体;CsA:环孢素 A;ctrl shRNA:携带针对对照的 shRNA 的慢病毒;CXCL:C-X-C 基序趋化因子配体;DCs:树突细胞;DMEM:杜尔贝科改良伊格尔培养基;ELISA:酶联免疫吸附测定法;EM:电子显微镜;FBS:胎牛血清;shRNA:携带针对的 shRNA 的慢病毒;GORASP2/GRASP55:高尔基再组装堆叠蛋白 2;GR1:LY6(淋巴细胞抗原 6 复合物)基因座 C1 和 LY6 基因座 G6D 抗原之间的复合表位;H&E:苏木精和伊红;HMGB1:高迁移率族蛋白 B1;shRNA:携带针对的 shRNA 的慢病毒;IFNG/IFN-γ:干扰素 γ;IL17A:白细胞介素 17A;IL18:白细胞介素 18;IL1A/IL-1α:白细胞介素 1α;IL1B/IL-1β:白细胞介素 1β;IL22/IL-22:白细胞介素 22;IL23A:白细胞介素 23 亚单位 A;IL23R:白细胞介素 23 受体;IMQ:咪喹莫特;ITGAM/CD11B:整合素亚单位α M;ITGAX/CD11C:整合素亚单位α X;IVL: Involucrin;KC:角质形成细胞;KD:敲低;KO:敲除;小鼠:带有 等位基因的小鼠,其中基因的外显子 3 被两个 loxP 位点包围;:带有 flox 等位基因的小鼠,其中基因的外显子 2 到 4 被两个 loxP 位点包围;小鼠:由交配产生的角质形成细胞特异性 敲除小鼠,其中 基因的表达受 小鼠启动子的控制;小鼠:由交配产生的角质形成细胞特异性 敲除小鼠,其中 基因的表达受 小鼠启动子的控制;小鼠:表达 164 个氨基酸 剪接变体重组酶的小鼠,受启动子的控制;LAMP1:溶酶体相关膜蛋白 1;LDH:乳酸脱氢酶;LORICRIN:颗粒层包膜前体蛋白;M5:TNF、IL1A、IL17A、IL22 和 OSM 的组合;MAP1LC3/LC3:微管相关蛋白 1 轻链 3;MAPK:丝裂原活化蛋白激酶;MKI67:增殖标记 Ki-67;MTT:噻唑蓝溴化四唑;NFKB/NF-κB:核因子 kappa B;NHEKs:原代正常人表皮角质形成细胞;NS:无显著性差异;OSM:肿瘤坏死因子;PASI:银屑病面积和严重程度指数;PtdIns3K:III 类磷酸肌醇 3-激酶;qRT-PCR:定量 RT-PCR;RELA/p65:RELA 原癌基因,NF-κB 亚单位;rHMGB1:重组 HMGB1;rIL18:重组白细胞介素 18;rIL1B:重组白细胞介素 1β;S100A:S100 钙结合蛋白 A;SQSTM1/p62:自噬体 1;T17:产生白细胞介素 17A 的 T 细胞;TCR:T 细胞受体;KO 小鼠:(T 细胞受体 δ 链)敲除小鼠,其在所有成年淋巴器官和上皮器官中表现出受体表达缺陷;TLR: Toll 样受体;TNF/TNF-α:肿瘤坏死因子;wortmannin:渥曼青霉素;WT:野生型;γδT17 细胞:产生白细胞介素 17A 的 γδ T 细胞。
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