Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2020 Jul;48(7):1916-1940. doi: 10.1007/s10439-020-02470-8. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
The barrier functions of the gastrointestinal tract rely in large part on a single layer of columnar intestinal epithelial cells. These epithelial cells are mediators of intestinal homeostasis, regulating and communicating biochemical signals between underlying stromal cells and luminal cues. The development of representative in vitro models to recapitulate the gastrointestinal epithelium is crucial to understanding cell-cell interactions during intestinal homeostasis and dysfunction. Ideally, models would contain microbiota/immune cells, polarized intestinal architecture, multilayered cellular complexity, extracellular matrix, biochemical cues, and mechanical deformation. This review focuses on historical and state of the art biomaterials and substrates used in the field to establish static and fluidic models of the intestinal epithelium. A discussion of conventional adenocarcinoma colon cancer cell lines, primary intestinal epithelial cells derived from organoids, and stromal support cells such as enteric neurons, myofibroblasts, and immune cells, as well as the importance of increasing cellular complexity and future outlook is included.
肠道的屏障功能在很大程度上依赖于单层柱状肠上皮细胞。这些上皮细胞是肠道内稳态的介质，调节和传递底层基质细胞与腔线索之间的生化信号。开发具有代表性的体外模型来重现胃肠道上皮对于理解肠道内稳态和功能障碍期间的细胞-细胞相互作用至关重要。理想情况下，模型应包含微生物群/免疫细胞、极化的肠道结构、多层次的细胞复杂性、细胞外基质、生化线索和机械变形。本综述重点介绍了用于建立肠道上皮静态和流体模型的历史和最新生物材料和基质。讨论了传统的腺癌细胞系、来源于类器官的原代肠上皮细胞以及间质支持细胞，如肠神经元、肌成纤维细胞和免疫细胞，以及增加细胞复杂性的重要性和未来展望。
