Gelaro Ronald, McCarty Will, Suárez Max J, Todling Ricardo, Molod Andrea, Takacs Lawrence, Randles Cynthia, Darmenov Anton, Bosilovich Michael G, Reichle Rolf, Wargan Krzysztof, Coy Lawrence, Cullather Richard, Draper Clara, Akella Santha, Buchard Virginie, Conaty Austin, da Silva Arlindo, Gu Wei, Kim Gi-Kong, Koster Randal, Lucchesi Robert, Merkova Dagmar, Nielsen Jon Eric, Partyka Gary, Pawson Steven, Putman William, Rienecker Michele, Schubert Siegfried D, Sienkiewicz Meta, Zhao Bin
Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.
Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD.
J Clim. 2017 Jun 20;Volume 30(Iss 13):5419-5454. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1.
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) is the latest atmospheric reanalysis of the modern satellite era produced by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 assimilates observation types not available to its predecessor, MERRA, and includes updates to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model and analysis scheme so as to provide a viable ongoing climate analysis beyond MERRA's terminus. While addressing known limitations of MERRA, MERRA-2 is also intended to be a development milestone for a future integrated Earth system analysis (IESA) currently under development at GMAO. This paper provides an overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics. Among the advances in MERRA-2 relevant to IESA are the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes. Other improvements in the quality of MERRA-2 compared with MERRA include the reduction of some spurious trends and jumps related to changes in the observing system, and reduced biases and imbalances in aspects of the water cycle. Remaining deficiencies are also identified. Production of MERRA-2 began in June 2014 in four processing streams, and converged to a single near-real time stream in mid 2015. MERRA-2 products are accessible online through the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data Information Services Center (GES DISC).
现代时代回顾性分析研究与应用第2版（MERRA - 2）是美国国家航空航天局全球建模与同化办公室（GMAO）生成的现代卫星时代最新大气再分析数据。MERRA - 2吸收了其前身MERRA所没有的观测类型，并对戈达德地球观测系统（GEOS）模型和分析方案进行了更新，以便在MERRA结束后提供可行的持续气候分析。在解决MERRA已知局限性的同时，MERRA - 2也旨在成为GMAO目前正在开发的未来综合地球系统分析（IESA）的一个发展里程碑。本文概述了MERRA - 2系统和各种性能指标。与IESA相关的MERRA - 2进展包括气溶胶观测的同化、平流层（包括臭氧）表示的若干改进以及冰冻圈过程表示的改进。与MERRA相比，MERRA - 2在质量方面的其他改进包括减少了一些与观测系统变化相关的虚假趋势和跳跃，以及减少了水循环各方面的偏差和不平衡。同时也指出了仍然存在的不足。MERRA - 2于2014年6月开始通过四个处理流进行生产，并于2015年年中合并为单一的近实时流。MERRA - 2产品可通过美国国家航空航天局戈达德地球科学数据信息服务中心（GES DISC）在线获取。
