Kusama Taro, Aida Jun, Higashi Daisuke, Sato Yaeko, Onodera Tamotsu, Sugiyama Kemmyo, Tsuboya Toru, Takahashi Tatsuya, Osaka Ken
Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry.
Health Promotion Division, Health and Welfare Department, Miyagi Prefectual Government.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2020;67(1):26-32. doi: 10.11236/jph.67.1_26.
Objectives The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in March 2011. As of November 2018, 1100 survivors of its still lived in the Miyagi prefecture's temporary housing. Previous studies revealed that the residential relocation to temporary housing from their own houses due to damages caused by the earthquake exacerbated the evacuees' health. However, there is a lack of long-term observation of the trajectory of their health conditions in temporary housing. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study involving residents in public disaster housing. The aim of the present study was to reveal the trajectory of health conditions of residents of temporary and public disaster housing.Method This repeated cross-sectional study included residents aged 20 years and older, residing in private rented housing, prefabricated temporary housing, and public disaster housing. The survey period lasted for six years (2011 to 2017). We used self-rated health as the dependent variable, the year of the survey and type of house as independent variables, and sex and age as covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results In total, 179,255 participants were included in this study. The average age was the highest among the residents of public disaster housing: 63.0 years in 2017. The number of residents who reported poor self-rated health declined yearly of private rented housing, but not of prefabricated temporary housing. The highest number of residents reporting poor self-rated health was from public disaster housing, compared to other temporary housing. Multivariate analysis showed that self-rated health improved in recent years (P for trend <0.001). Compared to the residents of private rented housing, those from public disaster housing reported poorer health conditions (aOR, 1.20 ; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27), although no significant difference was observed among the residents of prefabricated housing.Conclusion Health conditions of residents of temporary housing and public disaster housing tended to improve on a yearly basis. Residents of public disaster housing reported poor health. Therefore, monitoring and adequate intervention should be offered.
目标 2011年3月发生了东日本大地震。截至2018年11月，仍有1100名幸存者居住在宫城县的临时住房中。先前的研究表明，由于地震造成的房屋损坏，居民从自己的房屋搬迁至临时住房，这加剧了撤离者的健康问题。然而，缺乏对他们在临时住房中健康状况轨迹的长期观察。据我们所知，尚无涉及公共灾难住房居民的研究。本研究的目的是揭示临时和公共灾难住房居民的健康状况轨迹。
方法 这项重复横断面研究纳入了年龄在20岁及以上、居住在私人出租住房、预制临时住房和公共灾难住房中的居民。调查期持续了六年（2011年至2017年）。我们将自我评定健康状况作为因变量，调查年份和房屋类型作为自变量，性别和年龄作为协变量。使用多变量逻辑回归分析计算调整后的比值比（aOR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）。
结果 本研究共纳入179,255名参与者。公共灾难住房居民的平均年龄最高：2017年为63.0岁。报告自我评定健康状况差的私人出租住房居民数量逐年下降，但预制临时住房居民并非如此。与其他临时住房相比，报告自我评定健康状况差的居民数量最多的是公共灾难住房。多变量分析表明，近年来自我评定健康状况有所改善（趋势P<0.001）。与私人出租住房居民相比，公共灾难住房居民报告的健康状况较差（aOR，1.20；95%CI，1.15-1.27），尽管预制住房居民之间未观察到显著差异。
结论 临时住房和公共灾难住房居民的健康状况逐年趋于改善。公共灾难住房居民报告健康状况较差。因此，应进行监测并提供适当干预。
