Swiss Registries and Data Linkage - Swiss RDL, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 1;17(3):901. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030901.
Large technical developments in avalanche transceivers as well as in ski-shoe-binding units should make backcountry skiing a safer sport and as a consequence, yield to a decrease in the number and severity of mountain emergency events. From 2009-2018, a total of 3044 mountain emergencies (953 females and 2091 males) were identified from the SAC (Swiss Alpine Club) central registry while backcountry skiing. These were classified descriptively by cause, whereby the severity of the mountain emergency was quantified with a NACA-Score (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Score). A total of 1357 falls (44.6%), 558 emergencies caused by avalanches (18.3%), 408 cases of blocking (13.4%), 214 cases of illnesses (7.0%), 202 cases of losing way (6.6%), 138 cases of a crevasse accident (4.5%), and material failure in 30 cases (1%) were registered. For the remaining 137 cases (4.5%), no classification or rare forms were detected. No substantial sex differences were found in severity of injury, however looking at the two endpoints of the observed time frame, a significant increase in NACA-Score from 2009 to 2018 (2.1 ± 1.8 up to 2.6 ± 2.1, < 0.01) was detected. The increase in the severity of mountain emergencies while backcountry skiing in the last decade might be due to the fact that too many inexperienced absolve backcountry tours. The tendency might be promoted by the improved material in the way that it seems easier to absolve a tour while underestimating potential hazards.
雪崩收发器以及滑雪鞋固定器的技术的重大发展，应该使越野滑雪成为一项更安全的运动，从而减少山地紧急事件的数量和严重程度。从 2009 年至 2018 年，瑞士阿尔卑斯俱乐部（SAC）中央登记处共记录了 3044 起山地紧急事件（953 名女性和 2091 名男性），这些事件按原因进行了描述性分类，其中山地紧急事件的严重程度用 NACA 评分（美国国家航空咨询委员会评分）进行量化。共有 1357 起摔倒（44.6%）、558 起因雪崩引起的紧急情况（18.3%）、408 起阻塞（13.4%）、214 起疾病（7.0%）、202 起迷路（6.6%）、138 起裂缝事故（4.5%）和 30 起材料故障（1%）。对于其余的 137 起案件（4.5%），未发现分类或罕见情况。在受伤严重程度方面，没有发现明显的性别差异，然而，在观察时间段的两个端点上，NACA 评分从 2009 年到 2018 年显著增加（2.1±1.8 至 2.6±2.1，<0.01）。在过去十年中，越野滑雪的山地紧急事件严重程度的增加可能是由于太多缺乏经验的人进行了越野滑雪。这种趋势可能是由于改进的材料促进的，因为人们似乎更容易在低估潜在危险的情况下进行越野滑雪。
