Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country.
J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Jun 1;9(2):338-46. eCollection 2010.
The aim of this study was to measure the effect of nutrition on cell damage, antioxidant enzymes, and cortisol during a two-day ski mountaineering competition. Twenty-one male skiers participated in the study. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase activities (GR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, total antioxidant status, and cortisol levels were measured in serum the day before and immediately after the race. Their diet was also analysed during the competition. Enzymes and cortisol levels significantly increased after the competition. CK and LDH and cortisol levels were negatively correlated to total energy, protein, and fat intake. Intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, B6 and niacin was negatively correlated to LDH and AP. A negative correlation was also found between CK activity and Na, Fe, and Zn intake. Cortisol levels were negatively correlated to the intake of vitamins C, B1 and B2, and niacin. A positive correlation was found between serum GPx and intake of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, A and B vitamins, and folic acid. Skiers with the lowest nutrient intake during the competition were the ones who showed greater cell damage and lower antioxidant enzyme activity and cortisol levels, which may impair performance and also cause injuries and accidents. Particularly, skiers should have high intakes of total energy, macronutrients, vitamins A and B, Na, Zn, and Fe in order to decrease the deleterious effect of strenuous exercise. Key pointsA two-day ski mountaineering race produced muscle cell damage and oxidative stress and an increase in cortisol levels.There was a marked insufficient intake of carbohydrates which has been shown to affect performanceThose skiers with lowest nutrient intake showed greater cell damage, lower antioxidant activity and higher cortisol levels.Nutrition should be carefully monitored and assessed in order to minimize the mentioned blood changes to avoid fatigue, injuries and also accidents in this type of sport; particularly when skiers must carry their own food.
本研究旨在测量两天滑雪登山比赛中营养对细胞损伤、抗氧化酶和皮质醇的影响。21 名男性滑雪者参与了这项研究。在比赛前一天和比赛后立即测量了血清中的肌酸激酶（CK）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AP）、皮质醇和 C 反应蛋白（CRP）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和还原酶活性（GR）以及 C 反应蛋白（CRP）水平，同时分析了他们在比赛期间的饮食。比赛后，酶和皮质醇水平显著升高。CK 和 LDH 以及皮质醇水平与总能量、蛋白质和脂肪摄入呈负相关。维生素 A、B1、B2、B6 和烟酸的摄入与 LDH 和 AP 呈负相关。CK 活性与 Na、Fe 和 Zn 摄入之间也存在负相关。皮质醇水平与维生素 C、B1 和 B2 以及烟酸的摄入呈负相关。血清 GPx 与能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、A 和 B 族维生素以及叶酸的摄入呈正相关。在比赛中摄入营养最少的滑雪者表现出更大的细胞损伤和更低的抗氧化酶活性和皮质醇水平，这可能会影响表现，也会导致受伤和事故。特别是，滑雪者应该摄入高能量、宏量营养素、维生素 A 和 B、Na、Zn 和 Fe，以减少剧烈运动的有害影响。关键点：为期两天的滑雪登山比赛导致肌肉细胞损伤和氧化应激，皮质醇水平升高。碳水化合物摄入明显不足，已证明这会影响表现。营养摄入最低的滑雪者表现出更大的细胞损伤、更低的抗氧化活性和更高的皮质醇水平。为了避免这种类型的运动中出现疲劳、受伤甚至事故，应该仔细监测和评估营养状况，以最小化上述血液变化；特别是当滑雪者必须携带自己的食物时。
