Fracchiolla Mariano, Renna Massimiliano, D'Imperio Massimiliano, Lasorella Cesare, Santamaria Pietro, Cazzato Eugenio
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, National Research Council of Italy, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Feb 1;9(2):177. doi: 10.3390/plants9020177.
Living mulch gives many benefits to agro-ecosystems such as erosion control, nitrogen fixation and nutrient recycling, increasing of organic matter, weed and pest control, and increasing of soil organism. The experiment, carried out in Puglia, Southern Italy on transplanted broccoli raab (cv. Grossa fasanese), evaluated four soil management systems (SMSs): and used as living mulch, undisturbed weedy, and conventional tillage. For each SMS, four rates of nitrogen and phosphorous (NP0, NP1, NP2, and NP3) were supplied, using an organic fertilizer. The following data were collected: weed infestation, leaf chlorophyll in the plants (as SPAD units), weight, diameter, and colour of the inflorescences, anion and Mg, Fe, Na, K, Ca content. Fertilization showed prominent effects on most of parameters evaluated. The Sufficient Index of broccoli raab plants was higher in fertilized plots. With the increasing of fertilization rates, weight of primary inflorescences and the marketable yield linearly increased, confirming the great influence of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of vegetables and highlighting the importance of combining living mulch and fertilization. By increasing fertilization rates, some elements, such as Mg and Fe, increased, whereas a decrease of Na, K, and Ca was observed. The nitrate content in the inflorescences was different only between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, although it was very low. In NP2 and NP3 a greener colour was found. Living mulch did not clearly affect quality and yield of broccoli raab but was effective in weed control. Results show the positive effects of living mulch and organic fertilization in the sustainable production of broccoli raab.
活地被植物为农业生态系统带来诸多益处，如控制土壤侵蚀、固氮和养分循环、增加有机质、控制杂草和害虫以及增加土壤生物量。该实验在意大利南部普利亚地区对移栽的嫩茎花椰菜（品种：Grossa fasanese）进行，评估了四种土壤管理系统（SMSs）： 用作活地被植物、未扰动的杂草丛生地以及传统耕作。对于每种SMS，使用有机肥提供四种氮磷比例（NP0、NP1、NP2和NP3）。收集了以下数据：杂草侵染情况、植株叶片叶绿素含量（以SPAD值表示）、花序的重量、直径和颜色、阴离子以及镁、铁、钠、钾、钙含量。施肥对大多数评估参数显示出显著影响。施肥地块的嫩茎花椰菜植株充足指数更高。随着施肥量增加，主花序重量和可上市产量呈线性增加，证实了氮肥对蔬菜产量的重大影响，并突出了结合活地被植物和施肥的重要性。通过增加施肥量，一些元素如镁和铁增加，而钠、钾和钙含量下降。花序中的硝酸盐含量仅在施肥地块和未施肥地块之间有所不同，尽管含量非常低。在NP2和NP3处理中发现颜色更绿。活地被植物对嫩茎花椰菜的品质和产量没有明显影响，但在控制杂草方面有效。结果表明活地被植物和有机施肥对嫩茎花椰菜可持续生产具有积极作用。
