Bobeng B J
J Am Diet Assoc. 1977 Mar;70(3):251-3.
For optimal operation in labor-intensive industries, such as foodservice, not only scientific management principles but also behavioral aspects (the people) must be considered in designing job content. Three psychologic states--work that is meaningful, responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of outcomes--are critical in motivating people. These, in turn encompass the core dimensions of skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback. Job enrichment and job enlargement--related but not identical means of expanding job content--when combined, offer the likelihood of redesigned jobs in the core dimensions. Effective implementation of a job enrichment program hinges on diagnosing problems in the work system, actual changes in the work, and systematic evaluation of the changes. The importance of the contribution of the behavioral sciences to management cannot be neglected.
对于劳动密集型行业（如食品服务业）的最佳运营而言，在设计工作内容时，不仅要考虑科学管理原则，还要考虑行为方面（人员因素）。三种心理状态——有意义的工作、对结果的责任感以及对结果的了解——对于激励员工至关重要。反过来，这些心理状态包含了技能多样性、任务完整性、任务重要性、自主性和反馈等核心维度。工作丰富化和工作扩大化——相关但不同的扩大工作内容的方法——结合起来，为在核心维度上重新设计工作提供了可能性。工作丰富化计划的有效实施取决于对工作系统中的问题进行诊断、工作中的实际变化以及对这些变化的系统评估。行为科学对管理的贡献的重要性不可忽视。
