Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
mSphere. 2020 Feb 5;5(1):e00034-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00034-20.
Alterations in the gut microbiome during HIV infection have been implicated in chronic inflammation, but the role of the oral microbiome in this process is less clear. The article by M. K. Annavajhala, S. D. Khan, S. B. Sullivan, J. Shah, et al. (mSphere 5:e00798-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00798-19) investigated the relationship between oral and gut microbiome diversity and immune activation in patients with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. In this study, oral microbiome diversity was inversely associated with inflammatory markers such as soluble CD14 (sCD14), but surprisingly similar associations were not seen with gut microbiome diversity. Oral microbiome diversity was also associated with periodontitis in these patients. This study highlights the importance of continuing multisite examinations in studying the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and also stimulates important directions for future research defining the role of the oral-gut axis in HIV-associated inflammation.
HIV 感染期间肠道微生物组的改变与慢性炎症有关，但口腔微生物组在这一过程中的作用尚不清楚。M. K. Annavajhala、S. D. Khan、S. B. Sullivan、J. Shah 等人的文章（mSphere 5:e00798-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00798-19）调查了接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的 HIV 患者口腔和肠道微生物组多样性与免疫激活之间的关系。在这项研究中，口腔微生物组多样性与炎症标志物（如可溶性 CD14 (sCD14)）呈负相关，但令人惊讶的是，肠道微生物组多样性与这些标志物没有相似的关联。口腔微生物组多样性也与这些患者的牙周炎有关。这项研究强调了在研究胃肠道微生物组时继续进行多部位检查的重要性，并为未来的研究指明了方向，以确定口腔-肠道轴在 HIV 相关炎症中的作用。
