Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2020 Jun;248:126075. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126075. Epub 2020 Jan 30.
The honeybee, Apis mellifera is economically important for its products (honey, wax, and propolis) and for its role in pollination. This insect is threated due to high population losses in both agriculture and beekeeping. Within causes involved in the loss of honeybees is the increased pesticide use on agriculture. Although current testing for the regularization of insecticide use considers its acute toxic effects on pollinators, little is known about the effects of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations that may persist in the environment. This study investigated the effect of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin on the midgut, hypopharyngeal glands, and brain of A. mellifera. Honey bees were fed for eight days with LC insecticide. Subsequently, the midgut, hypopharyngeal glands, and brain were analyzed in light and transmission electron microscopies. The midgut was not affected after exposure, except in the posterior region with cell fragments in the lumen and changes in the mitochondria. The hypopharyngeal glands were severely affected by the insecticide with changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cell death. The brain has extensive gaps in the neuropil as well as in the cellular bodies, especially in the corpora pedunculata. These resembled cellular alterations similar to those seen in death processes. The results of this study indicate that lambda-cyhalothrin is toxic to bees at sublethal concentrations and ingested chronically, causing damage to the midgut, hypopharyngeal glands, and brain, and may affect physiological and behavioral aspects of these insects.
蜜蜂，即 Apis mellifera，因其产品（蜂蜜、蜂蜡和蜂胶）和在授粉方面的作用而具有重要的经济价值。由于农业和养蜂业中大量蜜蜂死亡，这种昆虫受到威胁。导致蜜蜂大量减少的原因之一是农业上杀虫剂使用的增加。尽管目前对杀虫剂使用的监管测试考虑了其对传粉媒介的急性毒性影响，但对于亚致死浓度慢性暴露可能在环境中持续存在的影响知之甚少。本研究调查了亚致死浓度的 lambda-氯氰菊酯对蜜蜂的中肠、下咽腺和大脑的慢性暴露的影响。蜜蜂用 LC 杀虫剂喂养了八天。随后，用光镜和透射电镜分析了中肠、下咽腺和大脑。暴露后中肠没有受到影响，除了后肠区域有腔隙中的细胞碎片和线粒体的变化。下咽腺受到杀虫剂的严重影响，内质网粗糙和细胞死亡。大脑的神经胶质中有广泛的间隙，细胞体也有间隙，尤其是在pedunculata 体部。这些变化类似于在死亡过程中观察到的细胞变化。本研究结果表明，lambda-氯氰菊酯在亚致死浓度下对蜜蜂有毒，并且慢性摄入会导致中肠、下咽腺和大脑受损，并可能影响这些昆虫的生理和行为方面。
